Japan s Change Of Modernity And Democracy - 992 Words

There are many things that contributed to Japan’s change to modernity and democracy whether it was between the political parties or if it was between their cultural system and the people s rights. Before Japan changed to a more modern and democratic society it was a feudal government structure based on Confucius views which was during the Tokugawa period. During the Tokugawa period there was a separation between the social classes which was categorized in four groups the samurai, peasants, artisans, and merchants. The two classes that had the most power were the samurai and the peasants. The samurai had the most power because they created a moral example and the peasants came in second into the social class since they produced food which was essential to survival of the people. The last two classes the artisans and the merchants. Although the merchants were last in the social class some were very wealthy and even owned their own monopolies, but since they were in the bottom of the class the laws prevented them to come higher into power. Although Japan was a feudal government and was more traditional the Japanese still developed some modernized urban influences like expanding their trading of commodities, and their advancement in their science studies. Though the Japanese had some of these modernized views the Tokugawa period soon came to an end due to the lack of government control by the shogun which created the four classes to fall apart. The differences betweenShow MoreRelatedAmerican Culture1480 Words   |  6 Pagesinto communities of common customs, values, religion, practices, and law.1 American culture can be seen as more diverse and complex; however, people manage to find common ground through music, art, fashion, science, technology, worldviews and democracy. On the grander scale, Americanization greatly impacts foreign countries and has the power to control them. It is capable of compelling good influence over other nations and often times it succeeds in doing so. American cultural imperialism doesRead MoreThe Revolution Of The Revolutionary Revolution1420 Words   |  6 Pagesresponse for change, â€Å"The preparatory period for the first step began with the Opium War in r840, i.e., when China s feudal society started changing into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal one. Then came the Movement of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Sino-French War, the Sino-Japanese ON NEW DEMOCRACY 343 War, the Reform Movement of ,898, the Revolution of 9, the May 4th Movement, the Northern Expedition, the War of the Agrarian Revolution and the present War of Resistance Against Japan. TogetherRead MoreThe And The Balance Of Socialism1370 Words   |  6 Pagesinequalities of modernization and imperialism from abroad. The Chinese intellectuals were opposed to the use of force to reject globalization but rather they wanted the Chinese society to embrace modernity and study foreign ideas, for example, foreign literature, western scienc e, religion and democracy. At the end of World War One there was an increased threat of a world wide revolution Vladimir Lenin who was the head of the Soviet Union prophesized â€Å"Only the ones who close their eyes to avoid seeingRead MoreThe Future Of The Liberal World Order1733 Words   |  7 Pagesof World War II the United States has been the leader in shaping world order built and organized around liberal internationalism. This transpired when the allied countries of the United States and Great Britain beat the Axis powers of Germany and Japan. Since the countries that won the war got to control how borders were settled and who had to pay reparations to who, â€Å"Through war and settlement, the great powers learned how to operate within a multipolar balance-of-power system.† The United StatesRead MoreThe Revolution Of The 1911 Revolution2425 Words   |  10 Pagesmovement is the defining event that marked the passage from a tradition based society to modernity in twentieth century Chinese history. The May Fourth Movements was a significant turning point in Chinese history challenging traditional Chinese values. THE WUCHANG UPRISING/ SUN YAT-SEN The revolution was a part of extensive popular uprisings that had been occurring against the Qing Dynasty since the mid 1800’s. The Wuchang Uprising began as diverse groups joined in southern China to combat Qing ruleRead MoreInequality Between Men And Women1765 Words   |  8 Pageschallenge for women through part time structure because of demanding family responsibilities. Due to the changes in the norms of family and gender in last decade the dependency on the main earner is important in family. Rising divorce rates, decreasing numbers of marriage, a significant drop of birth rates and an increase of non-traditional family households are consequences of this development. These changes have an impact on the division of domestic labour and child care between the partners within a household:Read MoreThe impact of World War 1 on Japanese development in the early 20th century2503 Words   |  11 Pages together with the great Tokyo earthquake of 1923, brought profound changes in social, intellectual, and urban consciousness. (Jansen 496)World War 1 caused many changes in the nation of Japan, both positive and negative. The whole infrastructure of the country altered immensely during the early 20th century, even when compared to the drastic modernisation of the Meiji Restoration. In the first quarter of the 20th century Japan had no less than 3 different emperors, and subsequently experiencedRead MoreGlobalization: the Americanization of the World?3228 Words   |  13 Pages 85) is the primary national interest. Furthermore, as Bill Clinton stated â€Å"Growth at home depends upon growth abroad.† Of course, there is still the legitimate idealistic side of globalization as â€Å"the ultimate promise of peace, prosperity, and democracy† (Bacevich, 42), but America’s actual interest and role in globalization is to expand the American economy. In other words, America’s aims in globalization are to benefit the world yes, but †Å"benefit the United States most of all† (Bacevich, 96).Read MoreEssay on China - A Powerful, Emerging Nation2614 Words   |  11 Pageshard hit again in 1937 during post-war period with Japan and the number of students in America dropped to 54 students in 1941. During 1949 through 1965 period, political ideologies between America and China were clashing and also Korean War in 1950 made America and China worst enemies. As s result, Chinese government completely stopped sending Chinese students to America. After the mid 60s, Mao Zedong’s Cultural Revolution started to change China into a more internationally closed, communistRead MoreThe Essential Questions5521 Words   |  23 PagesRENAISSANCE How can the Renaissance be used as a springboard for defining modernity? With the Renaissance, the interest shifted to the earthly realm of nature. In some respects, this was a good thing: nature received a more proper place. From a biblical viewpoint nature is important because it has been created by God, and is not to be despised. The things of the body are not to be despised when compared with the soul. The things of beauty are important. Sexual things are not evil of themselves

The Full Day Kindergarten Program - 2127 Words

Description The full-day kindergarten program was introduced in September 2010, with a plan for full implementation in all elementary schools across the province by September 2014. However, full-day kindergarten has not been rolled out completely now. Some important documents used to ensure and improve the implementation of full-day kindergarten from 2010 to 2013. A lot of supporting documents are related to early learning. In 2010, some legislative changes happened under Bill 242 and they mentioned that â€Å"The Full Day Early Learning Statute Law Amendment Act, 2010†, was passed in the Legislature on April 27, 2010. Another important change is that the ministry of education provided regulations and regulatory changes to support full-day kindergarten early learning kindergarten on August 18, 2010. Furthermore, during 2011, assistant of deputy minister provided the plan for full-day early learning kindergarten program from 2012 to 2014. Over 2011, there are more improvement and changes of instructional environment of full-day kindergarten. In 2012, the requirement of full-day kindergarten is that schools need to organize classed to average size of 26. This requirement can help each kid who participates in external programs get equity opportunities to train their learning skills in a more comfortable environment. In 2013, the fund of full-day early leaning kindergarten program would be fully integrated into Grants Student Needs (GSN) and year 2013 will be the last year of useShow MoreRelatedFull Day Kindergarten Programs3651 Words   |  15 PagesFull Day Kindergarten programs The reason children attend kindergarten today is so they can be taught a meaningful and balanced curriculum filled with skills and information. Teachers do this through age-appropriate activities that encourage the children to learn more (Marzollo, 1987). In order for children to develop the necessary skills for success in life, they need to attend kindergarten. In full day kindergarten programs more time is available to develop the necessary social and academicRead MoreDoes A Lengthened Day Make A Difference? Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pageslengthened day make a difference? Kindergarten plays a crucial role in the growth and development of a child. It is at the kindergarten level where the child begins the basis for the rest of their path through education. Educators are constantly looking into new ways of improving the kindergarten curriculum and environment in order to provide their students with the most adequate education possible. There is always some criticism when it comes to change; as in the case with changing half-day to full-dayRead MoreEffects Of All Day Kindergarten Programming On Academic Performance And Classroom Social Behaviors1432 Words   |  6 Pages Effects of All-Day Kindergarten Programming On Academic Performance and Classroom Social Behaviors Pamela DeBraal pdebraal@yahoo.com Introduction For many children, kindergarten is the first experience of being in an educational setting. The number of children in the United States who attend either public kindergarten has increased dramatically within the last decade (Clemiinshaw Guidubaldi, 1979). There has been a long standing debate within the academic community aboutRead MoreKindergarten-Full Day Versus Half Day1297 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefits of children attending full day kindergarten are far greater than those children that attend half day. Some parents and educators disagree; they say that children should not be forced into their educational career so young. Whether for or against full-day kindergarten, the common goal for all parents is the well being for each individual child. Every child has different needs and capabilities. Parents have to make an informed decision on full day or half day kindergarten. That decision can be aRead MoreThe Need For Universal All Day Pre Kindergarten1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe Need for Universal All Day Pre-Kindergarten in Texas Many Texans agree that high quality pre-k can no longer be considered a luxury for upper income families or a special program for the disadvantaged. Based on various studies conducted on children s brain development during these crucial years, pre-k has become just as necessary as kindergarten or first grade. Currently, nearly half of all kindergarten teachers report that their children have problems that hinder their success. ChildrenRead MoreThe North Carolina Pre K Program Requirements1471 Words   |  6 PagesThe North Carolina Pre-Kindergarten Program, formerly known as More at Four, is geared towards bettering the lives for At-Risk 4-year-old children. Exposing children to an early learning experience that will promote a positive learning environment to ensure Kindergarten readiness is what drives the program. Upon arrival, each child is screened using the Brigance 4-year-old tool to assess and determine the child’s developmental skills and abilities. According to the text, â€Å"Classroom tests and assessmentsRead MoreEducation Is More Important Today World Than Ever Before1446 Words   |  6 PagesDescription of Program Education is more important in today’s world than ever before. In September of 2010, a new program was implemented across Ontario to give students a stronger start in school and life. This program is called Full day kindergarten, it was designed to help support early learning as well as contribute to Ontario’s long-term economic competitive advantaged. (edu.gov.com) George Vanier Catholic School has run this program since its implementation in 2010. Their full day kindergarten programRead MoreThe Effects Of Pre Kindergarten Programs On Public Schools1705 Words   |  7 Pagesleaders, and politicians all agree that high-quality early learning programs are a key factor in improving a child’s educational and social development for many years to come. These stakeholders are aware that children need the appropriate intervention in order to make meaningful gains across a variety of domains and succeed successfully in their academic development and achievement. They are mindful that providing pre-kindergarten services to children who are at-risk for learning can have a positiveRead MoreThe Truths About Preschool And Kindergarten1704 Words   |  7 Pages The Truths About Preschool And Kindergarten In America and How it is Benefiting Our Kids Introduction In my research essay I will be researching and talking about the early childhood education in America. In addition to that I will talk about the benefits it is having on our children from what I have learned from my sources, and how teachers of early education are being equipped to handle these classroomsRead MoreHigh Quality Universal Pre K Can Reduce Achievement Gaps For Minority And Low Income Children1045 Words   |  5 Pagesand children from low-income families enter kindergarten without the academic skills they need to succeed. Math and reading abilities at kindergarten entry are powerful predictors of later school success. Research shows kids who start school already behind are unlikely to ever get caught up to standards. Hispanic and African American children are anywhere from 7 to 12 months behind in reading and 9 to 10 months behind on math when they enter kindergarten. Access remains extremely low to high-quality

Internet Management Free Essays

Internet Corporation for Assigned names and Numbers (ICANN) is the non-governmental organization that is primarily responsible for making key technical decisions related to the internet. Â  ICANN was established in 1998 in California, United States. Previously, it was Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), run by US government, which performed these tasks(ICANN,n. We will write a custom essay sample on Internet Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now d.).ccording to the Joint project agreement between US government and ICANN, the responsibilities of ICANN are to ensure transparency and accountability in matters related to technical coordination of internet addresses, security of root name servers, and taking part in Government Advisory Committee. For public, what it essentially does is that it takes appropriate steps to coordinate unique addresses of websites. Control of content on internet, stopping of spam, and access to internet do not come under its responsibilities(ICANN,n.d.). 2. Why is this organization so controversial? Ever since the IANA’s tasks were transferred to ICANN, the controversy over its workings began. Â  ICANN is mainly criticized for its unaccountability and secretive workings. It is not subject to the kind of accountability that other non- governmental organizations are. Some critics also argue that ICANN has disempowered its employees to challenge it workings through California’s laws(ICANN,n.d.). In the beginning years, directors were appointed after a community of internet users voted them to positions. But after sometime, that rule was eliminated and now the directors are not appointed through a democratic process. ICANN defended itself by saying that they were restructuring themselves to come up to the expectations of modern internet. But, critics do not agree. So till this day, ICANN is an organization which is subject to minimal accountability. It is also being criticized for not letting governments, United Nations, and International Telecommunication Union to exercise appropriate level of power. 3. What are one or two recent decisions this organization has recently come under criticism for? On 25th June, ICANN introduced new rules with regard to website domains. Previously, a website owner could get a website that ended in .com, .org etc. But, now they have more choice. They can buy an address which can end in any way such as, .khi, .apple etc. Â  Many people have criticized this move because they believe that there is no need for more competition in this market. Some also contend that there is no demand for additional domains. Another major concern regarding this program is the high cost of getting a gTLD. According to ITworld.com, ICANN hopes to get $185,000 from organizations for gTLD and an additional $75,000 per year more to keep it. So, the cost is enormous. Governments of Paris and New York, who plan to get the new gTLD, also say that the cost of getting a new gTLD is way too high (ICANN,n.d.). 4. Why do you think so many people generally are unaware about who controls the internet? One simple reason for people not being aware of who controls internet is that people are not interested to know about it. Many of the ordinary web surfers are mainly concerned with visiting their favorite websites and not with knowing about the controllers of internet. Although owners of the website buy domains for themselves yet they do not know about who controls internet. One reason for this can be that many owners of websites are part- timers. So, they do not have enough time to consider these matters. How to cite Internet Management, Essays

Comparative Morphological Analysis of Apple Blister Mite

Question: 1) Choose 2 from the 3 suggested areas below: Research relevant academic models and literature and apply to your chosen company.2) Comparative Analysis of the companys competitive position in its various markets.3) What considerations should your company look at when trying to create Social Impact .4) In addition to the above, Critically evaluate and analyse academic theories related to your two chosen areas, and discuss what your company needs to consider to enhance their business.? Answer: 1. Introduction In this assignment the selected company on which the comparative analysis and social impact will be created is Apple Inc. Apple Inc. is one of the top brands in the technology world. They are in the leading position when it comes for discussing about the electronic gadgets which are mainly used by the people and all the gadgets of this company are very advanced in technologies and the customers are always very eager to use Apple products. Apple is not only making hardware products of the electronic products but with that they are also making the software part of their hardware technologies. Apple has introduced themselves with their computers but later they diversified themselves by bringing new products in the market i.e. IPods, tablets, watch etc. As Apple has developed them from being a pioneer and specialised among the PC companies by creating products of high end technologies and the designs of their products with a focused powerhouse and constantly bringing new products into th e market. Apple is redefining them by bringing their products into those shapes what their customers are asking for. The strategies of Apple are under the microscope of the people so that they can understand what the reasons of the success that is taking Apple to the top position in the technology industry. In this assignment Apples interior strategy will be discussed in a detail. It will be seen that how Apple is differentiating themselves from their other competitors and also redefining their boundaries in the industry in which they are working. The corporate structure of Apple along with the highlights which are been given so that the innovations that are being made by Apple and all these factors are making Apple to stay in the driving force of the competitive advantage. In the assignment the other things which will also be discussed that the evolution which are been made by Apple in the personal computer industry and their positioning in the Macintosh computers as digital hubs w hich are adding a value chain in their digital services so that the models which they are integrating with the hardware and software and serving their products to their customers. Other companies are also trying to adopt the strategies which are been followed by Apple in their own companies so that they can also lead in the technology industry. 2. Comparative analysis of Apples competitive position in its various markets Apple is one of the best companies when it comes for comparative analysis in the market. The strategies which are being used by Apple are one of best as those strategies are helping the company to remain in the top positions in the market. With their innovative strategies Apple is giving their competitors a tough competition to their competitors. The comparative analyses which are helping them to be in the competitive analysis in the market are the various factors. There are two main factors with the help of which the comparative analysis of a company can be measured. The external factors and the internal factors helps the organizations to analyse them that how they are performing in the market both internally and externally. The PEST factors are the external factors which help an organization to analyse their external market and the Porters 5 force model helps an organization to understand that what the factors are which are making them strong and also weak in the market (Vidovi, and Petanovi, 2014). As Apple is seen as one of the leading brands in the digital asset in the management company and they are also providing their smart phones to the whole world and they are also the fisrt company who has come with the innovation of smart phones in the market. Seeing them many other companies are brining smart phones in the market. Apple has not only brought teh hardware products in the market but they also have come with their software which they using in their hardware products. Apple also helps their customers in buying and sharing their contents from their own market which has been termed as the App store where they sell their exclusive products only for those consumers who uses their products like for consumers who uses their iPad, iPhone the company has opened a media platform from where their consumers can buy their exclusive media products called iTunes (Chavez, Nadolnyak, and Kloepper, 2012). 2.1 Market Analysis In the year 2012, Tim Cook, the CEO of Apple was very excited when the sales of their iPhones and iPad were increased in the March quarter of that year. According to Tim Cook the innovation of iPad has given an immense growth to the company and this innovation has given a totally new direction to the Apple Inc (Jean, Egan, and Feder, 2013). Figure1- Sales and Administrative expenses of Samsung and Apple The sales of iPhones, iPad and Mac have increased by 7% and 188 % respectively. But on the other side the sale of iPod has gone down by 15 %. In 2012, in the second quarter was down in comparison to the first quarter of that year. In the first quarter Apple already has crashed down all their previous records and created a totally new record. In the below figure it will be shown that in that period Apple sold around 5.2 million Macs, 37.04 million of iPhones, 15.43 million of iPads and also around 15.4 millions of iPod. Products Quarter 2 2011 Quarter 1, 2012 Quarter 2,2012 Macs 3.76 million 5.2 million 4,02 million iPad 4.69 milion 15.43 million 11.8 million iPhones 18.65 million 37.04 million 35.06 million iPods 9.02 million 15.4 million 7.67 million Figure 2- Market Share of Apple Products in the 2011 and 2012 2.2 PEST Analysis To understand Apple operation direction, their potential in business and to know their situation in the market the PEST analysis is the best factors which will help in analysing the whole external factors of this company. Political factors- There are numerous problems which cannot be controlled like the health issues, terrorism, working style of the authorities and the geopolitical uncertainties and these factors affects the sale of Apple globally. To reduce their operating cost Apple has started outsourcing in many other countries like China, Cork, Korea, and Ireland. If there are any political issues and the company has to face those political hazards then it will affect the sales of the company and this make the likeness of the customers decrease towards the company and also among their dealers (Mates, Perfecto, and Badgley, 2012). Economic factors For a company their purchasing power mainly depends on the economic condition of the whole world. In the past few years unemployment has taken a great turn and this has decrease the sale of Apple products. One of the other reasons is the immense high of the oil price and that is one of the main causes of inflation which is affecting the total economy of the world. Due to all these economic factors the purchasing power of the people are decreasing and all these factors are giving a negative impact in the sales of the Apple products. But as the economic conditions of the whole world is getting better and the companies are buying the foreign currencies and along with that the revenue of the Apple Company is also increasing the global market which is giving a positive impact in their sales (Akdemir, Akcaoz, and Kizilay, 2012). Social factors- The design and the quality are the main important factors of Apple through which they started attracting their customers towards their products. As the purchasing power of people has increased so their power of buying luxurious products is also increasing and this is giving a totally different dimension in the market and also the people who prefers this type of electronic products like iPod, iPhones ands all other latest technologies of this brand. In Apple the influence of music is immense as the growth of music industry is also high so Apple has linked music with them by opening a store called iTunes from where their customers can buy as many as music they like and this is one of the best social factors adopted by any technology based industry (Lozano, and Gardiner, 2014). Technological factors- Apple has always taken the advantage of implementing the best and updated technologies in their products and this process is very much appreciated by everyone. Apple has invested a lot of time in doing the research and development regarding the technologies which they will be using within their products. It is seen that after every certain period of time Apple is coming up with their iPhones which are more technologically advanced than the previous ones and these updated technologies are helping the company in attracting their customers towards their products and these usage of advanced technology are making their customers loyal towards their brand and products. Recently Apple has introduced their watch from in which the customers with the time the can also browse their net and can also be available in different social sites. For all these reasons Apple is sticking in the number one position years after years and continuously trying to bring more innovative te chnologies for their customers (Eid, Ruocco, and Lorito, 2012). Figure -3- PEST Analysis of Apple 2.3 Porters 5 force Model Porters 5 force model helps in understanding the impact of Apple in the market. Rivalry in the industry is one of the common factors in the competitive market. If there is no rivalry then the companies will not force themselves to bring new innovative products in the market. Apple is doing a great job as they are creating loyalty among their customers and also providing their customers technical support. Samsung is their one of the tough customers as they are also following almost the same criteria which are being followed by Apple and this is creating a problem for Apple so they are trying to bring more advancement and modification into their products (Xu, Zheng, and Yu, 2014). Bargaining Power of Buyer- As a company Apple always try to reach their customers satisfaction and fro that they have a business model which is known as the Cutting down the middlemen . By using this model Apple has totally detached themselves from the suppliers and the middlemen which are mainly used by all the companies so that they can reach to their customers. But for reaching to their customers Apple has taken the help of the digital platform. They contact with the customers through their online sites and so that they can get their customers feedback regarding the improvements to their products which they can use in their new products. This helps the company to reach their customers satisfaction. As Apple is bringing new products along with their iPhones so that buyer can switch their products to other Apple products as the customers are price sensitive (Binyameen, Anderson, and Schlyter, 2014). Bargaining Power of Suppliers- Apples profit can be put down by the bargaining power of the suppliers. As Apple is an growing company so they are looking for new suppliers and along with that by collaborating with the new suppliers Apple can reduce the bargaining power of their suppliers by registering their suppliers with their online sites. Thus this will help Apple in decreasing their power and will be more competitive in the industry. New Entrant- With the entry of new companies the market share of Apple will also decrease. So, for marinating their market share Apple should differentiate them into products and brands. And this will help them in strategising and then the new entrants will find difficulties in competing with Apple (Tar, 2013). Substitute Products- Product can be substituted only at that time when the product is same otherwise not. So, threat of substitute can be done by two factors those are price and performance and these factors will only help at that time when the consumers will allow themselves to switch products and along with this the buyers should also have the willingness in switching their products. Samsung in one of the substitutes of Apple as if people are having difficulties in using the products of Apple then the customers switch them to Samsung products (Harris, 2014). Figure-4- Porters 5 Force Analysis 2.4 SWOT Analysis Another factor which helps in comparative analyses is the SWOT analysis which helps a company to understand their individual strength and weakness along with the opportunities and threats which they will be getting from the environment. Apple is not only into the business of making personal computers, and cell phones but they have expanded themselves into making of other electronic gadgets like watch, music player etc. The market position of a company is mainly measured by their operating performance, along with their increased numbers of investors in their business. But on the other side , the extreme competition is affecting the companys margin (Rothaermel, 2012). Strength- One of the major strength of Apple is their market positioning and the trust of their customers which has been raised with the help of Apples ecosystem and this is becoming one of the positive points for the competitive advantage of the company. Apple has been chosen as the most premiere company for three times in a row. In the year 2012, Apple was termed as the most valuable brand as their brand value was $ 76.5 billion (Friesner, 2011). Weakness The strong competition in the market is one of the major weaknesses of Apple as people are getting similar technologies of Apple in other products and also in a very low price. If they decrease their price then it will create a bad influence for their customers (Baum, Hackstein, and Mehling, 2012). Opportunities The iPad, iPhone which are been used by Apple are increasing their market share as these products have high demand among the customers and this is helping Apple in their competitive analysis. As the sales of Apple are increasing and along with that they are also launching the Apple TV which will create a buzz among the customers and they will be buying the product and this will increase their sales along with their market shares (Suh, 2014). Threats The rapid changes in the technology is one of the major threats of not only for Apple but also to their competitors and as the customers are becoming tech savvy so they are running behind those companies and products who are giving them the latest technologies. In USA, the increase of tax will affect in the growth of Apple. The software used by Apple is Apple iOS and their main competitor is Android OS. So, Android OS can dominate the power of Apple iOS and this is one of the major threats of Apple (Chen, Kim, and Yamaguchi, 2014). Figure -5- SWOT Analysis Samsung is one of the top competitors of Apple. The tools and applications used by Samsung are almost close to Apple and they are selling their items in much lower cost than Apple. Samsung in now shifting themselves in the I generation phone. As the price of Samsung, phones are less so customers, who are unable to buy Apple products, are buying the Samsung phones. Now a days people are mainly buying smart phones to keep them up-to-date with the social status. The monthly users of Samsung smart phones users are increasing than Apple. For this reasons the financial income of Samsung is also increasing and Samsung is almost close to Apple in financial areas. 3. Considerations in the social impact scenario 3.1 CSR Apple Inc is a renowned software company which does not believe in publishing a distinct and separate report for its Corporate Social Responsibility principles which it had followed in that particular year. It is also unique in a sense that it does not provide separate annual report to the shareholders individually. Rather the shareholders are requested to download the report from the website of the company. The Form 10-K of Apple does not include the CSR report. In this regard the company uses two documents which are listed below: The Code of Conduct of the Company and the Ethical Guidelines- it contains several information like disclosure of information, procurement, environmental impact assessment and safety norms, corporate governance and others. The Code of Conduct of the Suppliers of Apple- it consists of the several work related information and the working environment for the suppliers (Yu, 2015). The information of the company relating to the CSR Policies says that the company takes adequate measures to make sure the working processes and conditions conform to the environmental impact guidelines and are safe for the society. The staffs and employees are provided a nice and healthy work environment with good behavior from the superiors and the peers. The interests of the suppliers are also taken care of with utmost priority and every single action and process of the company is targeted to the welfare of the society. There is no detrimental impact of Apple Inc. towards the society and the persons who are associated with the company (Skrzypczyska, 2015). The company also follows diligently the CSR standards which need to be observed by the company at each and every stage. These are enumerated as follows: The involvement of the stake holders- The company does not disclose information about the involvement of the stakeholders in the CSR issues. Apple is a member organization of the EICC. This organization helps to initiate dialogues in between the company and the stakeholders. These include the NGOs, customers, representatives from the Government, the Socially Responsible Investors, several communities, association of industry, several groups of workers and the various universities (Shelton et al. 2015) The corporate responsibility- The company always gives priority to maintaining right and healthy environment in the factories of the suppliers. The supplier code of conduct of the company says that the company is absolutely involved in making the working environment in the supply chain absolutely safe and sound. The workers are given due respect and their safety is also taken care of. The processes used in manufacturing are also absolutely environment friendly (Sampson et al. 2015) Reporting clarity- There is no publishing of the CSR issues by the company. The company only provides the following information to the public: The Annual Report The Ethical Code of Conduct The Environmental issues which are disclosed in the website The Code of Conduct of the Suppliers The Process of verifying- There is not enough information on how the company matches the compliance issues of the suppliers with that of the Code of Conduct. There was an issue related to the suppliers at Apples office in China, which brought some trouble for the company. This is why the company is trying to make improvements in this regard (Raimi et al. 2015). These are the various CSR norms that are followed by Apple on a global scale. The policies have so far been found to be effective in the foreign as well as in the international markets. There has been a few discrepancies in China, which resulted in some controversies related to the company. But, Apple has managed to tackle the situation and remove the controversy. This is evident from the fact that it is currently one of the leading software giants in the industry worldwide (O'Mahony, 2015). 3.2 Environmental Impact Policies The company has a very stringent policy related to the environmental issues. These are included in the Code of Conduct of the Suppliers. They are enumerated as follows: Emissions of air- The emissions of air should be monitored so that there is no excess of the harmful particles above the permissible limit as per the law in force. The EICC assumes a general approach regarding this matter (Miller, 2015) Prevention of pollution- the company takes up a strong policy to reduce pollution and reduction of the resources available. Emissions from waste water and the solid wastes- Here also the EICC takes up a general approach. The norms which have been set up by the environmental laws on these emissions need to be observed carefully so that it does not cross the limit. The Permits- there are several permits which need to be obtained in relation to the environmental issues. There should be proper reporting of these issues to avoid any discrepancies. Without getting proper permission, there should not be any activities which will create an impact which might be bigger or smaller on the environment. The prohibitions and the management of the harmful substances- The company has framed a law relating to the maintenance of the safety hazard measures by the suppliers. The suppliers need to be abided by the companys Regulated Substances Specifications (069-0135) norms. The relevant specifications are mentioned in the companys Code of Hazardous Substance Management and Restrictions. The suppliers must follow each and every guideline relating to the use of hazardous substances. If they ignore the guidelines, then they might face trouble from the company and their licenses may be cancelled. Apple does not take any risk with its reputation in the society and it will not tolerate any deviations from the norms set up by the company. All the laws and guidelines relating to the recycling, disposal, storing, mobility and safe handling of the materials should be observed with due diligence and there should not be any deviation from them under any circumstances (Kusunoki, 2015). The company also follows a strict code of Ethics which are mentioned below: The countries in which Apple operates, it maintains the several laws related to the environment, use of harmful substances and maintenance of good health in the working conditions. This shows the flexibility of the company to adjust to the various prevailing conditions in the different countries it operates in (Ismail et al. 2015) es these country specific rules and regulations, the company has its own standards for the safety and security of the environment and the health of the public, which the company tries to maintain in conjunction with the country specific laws. The company undertakes several programs on safety and proper training related to the environmental safety norms to the staffs of the company. These training programs are extremely comprehensive and the company has made it compulsory for its staffs and employees to undergo these environmental safety norms training so that they can work under safe and secured environmental conditions and take adequate measures in case there is an emergency situation. Apple has also a very unique and innovative method to foresee the future risks that could arise and what is the probability of impact for each of those risks and even how far they can damage the workings and reputation of the company. All the contingencies relating to the health, environmental and safety issues are properly analyzed from beforehand and all the necessary action plans are designed to combat the situation if it arises in future (Gussow, 2015). Apple follows an approach which is focused on taking precautionary measures by assessing the future possibilities of hazards and risks .It follows this process throughout the entire production process starting from manufacturing to packaging of the products, designing and even during recycling. In this connection, it is worth mentioning that the computers manufactured by Apple have received the Energy Star Rating since 2001. All the Apple production sites are ISO 14001 certified. It states that the company handles the environmental and safety issues in an integrated and extremely professional way. The company also claims that all its products are RhoS certified and comply with the norms (Grieco, 2015). In this regard the guidelines and processes relating to the environment which have been followed by Apple as per the Greenpeace can be seen. The Greenpeace declaration is that for such a reputed company like Apple, the company has miserably failed in the most major criteria related to the environment (Dyck, 2014). The company does not follow the precautionary guidelines related to the environmental safety issues which it claims to be. It does not reveal the complete list of the substances which are regulated and there is no timeline maintained in the removal of the toxic substance like Polyvinyl Chloride and there is no proper guideline followed to phase out the several uses of Brominated Flame Retardants. The product recycling is also not up to the standards. However, the company reports satisfactorily on the volume of the electronic wastes recycled by the company. The amount of recycled material is expressed in terms of weight and not as a percentage of the sales figures. However, on the better side, Apple does not export the e-wastes that are collected and absolutely prohibits the recovery of plastic materials in the smelters (Akron et al. 2015). Apple says that in its approach towards manufacturing, it takes into consideration the feedback from the customers, guidance of the NGOs, new legal provisions and the internal assessment procedure of the company. The company claims to have followed this process since the 1990s. The company has also removed the BFRs and the PVCs from many of its future products. The company claims to have recycled above 21 million pounds of various electronic equipments from the landfills across several countries since 1994. For its USA customers, Apple has introduced a program of free recycling of the computers which are old and also the monitors on purchasing Macs. Another recycling initiative taken up by Apple in the area of recycling is that the company is conducting a free program where it is recycling the iPods through its retail stores. These stores are offering disposals which are completely environment friendly at a discount of 10% when the customers purchase a new iPod (Danilovic et al. 2013 ). 3.3 Human and Labor Strategies The Code of Conduct for the Suppliers of Apple consists of the following points with respect to the social policies. No additional explanation is provided unless the code differs from the EICC guidelines on a big scale. These are discussed under two heads as follows: Human and Labor Laws- The several provisions as to this law are discussed in the following points below: As per the rules of the EICC, there cannot be any discretionary medical tests on the suppliers. There should be uniformity in the process. The company code of conduct also talks about the similar issue but a bit more elaborative because it has setting out that the suppliers need not undergo pregnancy tests. The company is strict on any rude behavior towards the staffs, suppliers and harassment at work places and factories (Crotty, 2014) Labor which is engaged forcibly and without their consent. Apple is particularly dead against the use of children as a work force for the company and strongly discourages such acts. The code of conduct of the company is very flexible as compared to the norms set out by the EICC. The Apple code says that staffs and the suppliers must be given adequate periods of leave, time for vacation, and holidays as per the respective laws applicable in the respective countries. The company gives adequate importance to the proper and legal remuneration to the staffs and due compensation to the suppliers The independence of association- this part is more explicitly described in the company code of conduct than the EICC (Carroll, 2015) Measures of safety and health- This consists of the following points: Hygienic conditions maintenance in the industrial area Tools to tackle any emergency situation Ways for proper protection of health at work place and factory sites Any kind of injury or sickness that may occur during the work process Canteen and dormitory presence Jobs which can be physically challenging The Clause of Communication- It is not an integral part of the EICC. As per this law, the suppliers are required to intimate the workers on the health and safety information Committees for the safety of workers and their safe health- The rules advice the suppliers to form committees for safety and health of the workers. This is however not advocated by the EICC There is a section on Safeguarding of the machineries in the EICC. This is however not a part of the Code of Conduct of the Supplier for Apple (Balewski et al. 2015). 4. Critical Evaluation and Analysis As it is seen that in the competitive analysis of Apple that how the market share of Apple is increasing in the last few years as they are introducing new products and in the coming few years they will be introducing them in the field of television by launching television under their brand name and also the software which they are using in their television are all highly advanced technologies (Valentin, 2011). The PEST analysis is one of the main external factors which are helping Apple in analyzing their market. Along with introducing new product Apple is also willing to spread their business in all over the world so that people can easily get access to their products (DU, and ZHANG, 2012). The market share of Apple is helping them to analyze themselves among their competitors so that by copying their strategies their competitors do not beat them in the market competition. Along withal these factors the company has also keep their eye on the external factors so that by facing any ot her problem the sales of their product does not comes down (Fitzpatrick, Nguyen, and Cayan, 2015). If that happens then it will mark a bad influence among their customers then the customers will try to shift in other substitute products who are giving the almost same product and also in a very low price and if it happens then it will hamper the brand value of Apple (Johnson, 2014). The Porters five force model helps is analyzing their competitors be it new entrant or substitute. Both of these factors are threats to Apple (Singh, 2012). To stay in the top position Apple has to overcome these factors so that its competitors do not get a chance to stand and compete with Apple for their products. The SWOT analysis helps Apple in understanding their own strength and opportunities along with their weaknesses and threats. Every product in the market has their some positive points along with some negative points. If they are able to change their negative points into their positive points th en only they will be able to survive in the market and stay in the top positions. The weaknesses and threats of Apple will become the advantages of their competitors and in that areas the competitors will try to beat them by making the disadvantages of Apple their advantages and this will create a problem for Apple (Allio, and Fahey, 2012). So, to them strong in all the sectors Apple needs to keep on updating them and their products so that their customers be loyal to their company and how much the cost of their products be they should keep on buying Apple products and the technologies used by Apple need to be updated and they should use those updated technologies in their products so that the customers who are tech savvys will always be waiting for the new launches of Apple products so that they can buy the products and use them (Nag, Han, and Yao, 2014). As Apple is one of the growing companies so they are always ready to take feedbacks on their products and they tries to use thos e feedbacks into their new products so that they can reach to their customers satisfactions. By this it can be said that Apple is one of those companies whose first priority is to satisfy their customers as they know that their main capital is their customers. If their customers are along with them then only they will be holding their top rank otherwise not (Amrollahi, and Akhgar, 2013). We have already come across the different strategies followed by Apple relating to the CSR and the Environmental Safety Measures. It might be said by analyzing the above scenarios that although Apple is one of the stalwarts in the field of software and computer products all across the world, yet it is not completely the leader when it comes to observing the rules and regulations as per the compliance with the environment. The CSR structure of the company has been a sound one and it cannot be denied that Apple has taken many measures to offer ethical services to the customers by maintaining high quality of work standard which is mostly environment friendly (Arvidsson, 2014). It is well established that Apple takes care to keep its entire manufacturing process and even the supply chain absolutely environment friendly (Tam et al.2015). It has discouraged the uses of non-recyclable materials like plastics and other harmful substances within its factory premises and also in its several office premises. But, the company has failed to follow the safety norms in case of some of its operating plants, which was reflected by Greenpeace. After, the incident Apple also took care of the issues and removed the usage of the harmful substances from its future products. It might be said that if Apple manages to stay clear from these issues, it will definitely be more successful in the international and domestic markets. The company is already a big brand name and a pioneer in the software industry (Anadol et al. 2015). Conclusion In a nutshell it can be said that the competitive analysis of Apple with their competitors into different market and also their social impact in the market has marked a huge impact in the market. In the competitive analysis all the external and internal factors has been done which helps them in holding the top position in the technology market. The PEST analysis, SWOT analysis and Porters five force model helps Apple in analyzing their market both internally and externally which is helping them to understand their position individually and also among their competitors. With the help of these they can strategies their future in the market. As it is already known that Apple in among those companies who always try to innovate new products and they are one of the early adapters when there is any new technology in the market. Risk taking is one of the competitive advantages taken by Apple as they always function themselves among risks. As they use the closed ecosystem they have huge custo mers loyalty and well-built market positioning. One of the important factors used by Apple is their own media platform so that their customers can buy their most likable music whenever they want without any difficulties and for that Apple has been credited as they are using the business model of sustainable downloading of music . For these reasons Apple is known as the First most admired Company globally. In the social side Apple has maintained all the CSR norms which has been developed by the company. It has taken good care of the social responsibilities by providing high quality of products and services which are according to the environment safety norms. The company has used recyclable materials at most of its factory sites and also in the manufacturing of the products and services mostly. But in Greenpeace, it was found that the company has failed in certain aspects of environmental norms and there were use of certain substances which should not have been used in production. If Apple takes care of these points in future, then it will be able to sustain longer and even increase its market share significantly in domestic as well as in international market. Reference Vidovi, B., Marinkovi, S., Mari, I., and Petanovi, R. (2014) Comparative morphological analysis of apple blister mite, Eriophyes mali Nal., a new pest in Serbia.Pesticidi i fitomedicina,29(2), 123-130. Chavez, H., Nadolnyak, D. A., and Kloepper, J. (2012) Stochastic Frontier Analysis of Biological Agents (Microbial Inoculants) Input Usage in Apple Production In2012 Annual Meeting, February 4-7, 2012, Birmingham, Alabama (No. 119796) Southern Agricultural Economics Association Jean, G. S., Egan, S. P., Yee, W. L., and Feder, J. L. (2013) Genetic identification of an unknown Rhagoletis fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) infesting Chinese crabapple: implications for apple pest management.Journal of economic entomology,106(3), 1511-1515. Mates, S. G., Perfecto, I., and Badgley, C. 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(2015) Corporate Social Responsibility and Entrepreneurship (CSRE): antidotes to poverty, insecurity and underdevelopment in Nigeria. Social Responsibility Journal, 11(1), pp.56-81 Sampson, H. and Ellis, N. (2015) Elusive corporate social responsibility (CSR) in global shipping Journal of Global Responsibility, 6(1), pp.80-98 Shelton, T., Poorthuis, A. and Zook, M. (2015) Social media and the city: Rethinking urban socio-spatial inequality using user-generated geographic information Landscape and Urban Planning Skrzypczyska, K. (2015) Social responsibility of companies operating in Poland Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership, 1(1), p.71 Yu, X. (2015) Upholding labour standards through corporate social responsibility policies in China Global Social Policy Anadol, Y., Youssef, M. and Thiruvattal, E. (2015) Consumer reaction towards corporate social responsibility in United Arab Emirates Social Responsibility Journal, 11(1), pp.19-35 Arndt, A., Singhapakdi, A. and Tam, V. (2015) Consumers as employees: the impact of social responsibility on quality of work life among Australian engineers. Social Responsibility Journal, 11(1), pp.98-108 Arvidsson, S. (2014) Corporate social responsibility and stock market actors: a comprehensive study. Social Responsibility Journal, 10(2), pp.210-225 Balewski, B. and Janowski, A. (2015) Corporate social responsibility and human performance. ScienceRise 3(3 (8), p.7 Carroll, A. (2015). Corporate social responsibility Organizational Dynamics Crotty, J. (2014). CSR in BRIC countries Social Responsibility Journal, 10(1) Danilovic, M., Hensbergen, M., Hoveskog, M. and Zadayannaya, L. (2013) Exploring Diffusion and Dynamics of Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 22(3), pp.129-141 DiSegni, D., Huly, M. and Akron, S. (2015) Corporate social responsibility, environmental leadership and financial performance Social Responsibility Journal, 11(1), pp.131-148 Dyck, R. (2014). 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(2015) Corporate Social Responsibility and Entrepreneurship (CSRE): antidotes to poverty, insecurity and underdevelopment in Nigeria. Social Responsibility Journal, 11(1), pp.56-81 Sampson, H. and Ellis, N. (2015) Elusive corporate social responsibility (CSR) in global shipping Journal of Global Responsibility, 6(1), pp.80-98 Shelton, T., Poorthuis, A. and Zook, M. (2015) Social media and the city: Rethinking urban socio-spatial inequality using user-generated geographic information Landscape and Urban Planning Skrzypczyska, K. (2015) Social responsibility of companies operating in Poland Journal of Corporate Responsibility and Leadership, 1(1), p.71 Yu, X. (2015) Upholding labour standards through corporate social responsibility policies in China Global Social Policy

Supply Chain Integration free essay sample

Management revolve around efficient integration between suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and stores. The challenge is on how to coordinate all the activities, in order to: * Improve performance * Reduce cost * Increase service level * Reduce Bullwhip effect * Better utilise resources * Respond effectively to changes in market places Not merely coordinating production, transportation and inventory, but also integrate front end to back end of SC. Various SC integration strategies: * Push, pull, push–pull strategy. Matching products and industries with supply chain strategies. * Demand-driven supply chain strategies. * The impact of the Internet on supply chain integration. Push-Based SC * Production and distribution decisions based on long-term forecasts. * Manufacturer demand forecasts based on orders received from the retailer’s warehouses. , leading to: * Longer reaction time to changing marketplace * Inability to meet changing demand patterns. * Obsolescence of s upply chain inventory as demand for certain products disappears. * Variability of orders received from retailers and suppliers are much larger than the variability in customer demand due to the bullwhip effect, this leads to: * Excessive inventories due to the need for large safety stocks * Larger and more variable production batches * Unacceptable service levels * Product obsolescence * Bullwhip effect: occurs when the demand order variabilities in the supply chain are amplified as they moved up the supply chain , will leads to inefficient resource utilization because planning and managing are much more difficult. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain Integration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Push Based SC usually results in: * Higher transportation costs * Higher inventory levels and/or higher manufacturing costs * More emergency production changeovers Pull- Based SC * Production and distribution demand driven * Coordinated with true customer demand rather than forecast demand * Firm does not hold any inventory and only responds to specific orders. * Enabled by fast information flow mechanism to transfer customer demand to SC participants. * Intuitively attractive, due to: * Reduced lead times through the ability to better anticipate incoming orders from the retailers. Reduced inventory since inventory levels increase with lead times * Less variability in the system, particularly in manufacturing process * Decreased inventory at the manufacturer due to the reduction in variability. * Often difficult to implement when lead times are long, because * Impractical to react to demand information. * more difficult to take advantage of economies of scale New supply chain strategy that takes the best of both, a hybrid Push–pull supply chain strategy Push-Pull SC Typically the intial stages in the SC are operated in push manner, while the remaining employ pull based strategy. * Interface between push and pull strategy called push-pull boundaries. * For example, in PC industry ,the inventory of the component is managed based ion forecast (push) while the final assembly implies is in response to a specific customer request (pull). The portion prior to assembly is a push part, while pull part starts with assembly and performed based on actual customers demand. The push-pull boundaries is at the beginning of the assembly. Manufacturer takes advantage of the fact that aggregate forecast are more accurate. * Postponement or delayed differentiation in product design is an example of this push-push strategy, where the decisions about specific product can be delayed as long as possible. Identify Appropriate Strategy * Higher demand uncertainty leads to PULL strategy; lower demand uncertainty leads to PUSH strategy * Higher importance of Economies of Scales (value of aggregate demand, imporatance of managing SC based on long term forecast) lead to PUSH strategy; the other way around for PULL strategy. Box I is Pull and Box III is push: understood. * In box IV, more careful analysis is required, depending on specific cost and uncertainties. * For box II, it is an excellent example for push-pull strategy. Implementing Push-Pull Strategy * Low demand uncertainty in PUSH Strategy characterized by long lead time and complex supply chain structure. It’s also means that the firm can focus on cost minimization and resource utilization * In PULL portion, there is high uncertainty, simple SC st ructure and short cycle time. The focus is on service level, which can be achieved through flexible and responsive SC, adapt quickly to customers demand. Order fulfilment process are typically applied to maintain service level. Demand Driven Strategy * Demand forecast: Use historical data to develop long term estimate of expected demand * Demand Shaping: Determines the impact of marketing plans (promotion, advertising, discounts, rebates, etc) on demand forecast. To increase forecast efficiency and reduce forecast error, there are few approach: * Select push-pull boundaries where demand is aggregated over one or more dimensions across products, geography, or time * Use market analysis and demographic/ economic trends to improve forecast accuracy * Determine optimal assortment of products by store to reduce the number of SKU competing in same market * Incorporate collaborative planning and forecasting process with your customers to achieve better understanding of market demand, impact of promotions and ads. At the end, the firm has a demand forecast by SKU by location. The next step is to analyse the SC chain and see if it can support the demand forecast. This process called balancing supply and demand. Impact of Internet in Supply Chain Strategies * Internet and emerging e-business has raised expectations that many SC problems could be solved. E business strategy supposed to reduce cost, increase service level and flexibility, and of course profit. * In reality, these expectations frequently unmet. E business: A collection of business models and process motivated by internet technology and focusing on improving the extended enterprise performance E commerce: Ability to perform major commerce transactions electronically

Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue and Church Architecture

Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue and Church Architecture American architect Bertram G. Goodhue (born April 28, 1869 in Pomfret, Connecticut) was an innovator who combined Gothic and Hispanic designs with modern ideas. He revolutionized church (ecclesiastical) architecture by reawakening Medieval traditions, with a focus on modern detailing within traditional designs. His fanciful Spanish Churrigueresque buildings for the Panama-California Exposition brought new energy to Spanish Colonial Revival architecture in the United States. Later in his career, Goodhue moved beyond Gothic ornamentation to explore classical forms, designing landmark buildings such as the Nebraska State Capitol. Goodhue could not afford to attend college, although he was a known sketch artist throughout the New Haven military academy he attended. Instead of college, at age fifteen he went to work in the New York office of Renwick, Aspinwall and Russell. For six years he studied under James Renwick, Jr., architect of many public buildings and churches, including Smithsonian Institute Castle in Washington, DC and Grace Church and St. Patricks Cathedral in New York City. In 1891, he joined Ralph Adams Cram and Charles Wentworth in a Boston partnership that later became Cram, Goodhue Ferguson. The firm opened a branch in New York City, which by 1913 Goodhue had made his own. Although Goodhues early works were noted for their high Gothic style, he later adopted a Romanesque style. By the end of his career, his work tended toward simple, classical lines. The Los Angeles Central Library, completed after his death, has elements of Art Deco design. Today Goodhue is considered an American modernist. Youve probably seen his work, without knowing it. Goodhue is said to have invented two font styles: Merrymount, designed for the Merrymount Press of Boston; and Cheltenham, designed for the Cheltenham Press in New York City; Cheltenham was adopted by The New York Times for their headline typeface and by the L.L. Bean company for their distinctive logo. Goodhue died in New York City on April 23, 1924. Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue Architectural Drawings and Papers, 1882-1980 are archived at Columbia University in New York. Selected Projects Attributed to Goodhue: Bertram G. Goodhue was a known collaborator in architectural projects. The 1910 Cadet Chapel at West Point in New York is attributed to Cram, Goodhue, and Ferguson, although Goodhue was the lead architect. Projects from his own New York City office took advantage of a growing United States market of public and ecclesiastic architecture from coast to coast. His most notable works include the First Baptist Church (1912) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; the Church of the Intercession (1915) and St. Bartholomews Church (St. Barts, 1918) both in New York City. California works include the 1915 Panama-California Exposition Buildings in San Diego, the 1926 Los Angeles Central Public Library (LAPL), and the 1924Â  Master Plan for the California Institute of Technology. In between New York and California look for the 1922 Nebraska State Capitol building in Lincoln, Nebraska and the 1924 National Academy of Sciences Building in Washington, DC. In the Words of Goodhue: ...the trouble in our houses today is that we want everything to seem rich and extravagant- we want money, and then we want to show it in our surroundings. - from The New York Times, A Renowned Architects Home of His Own by Christopher Gray, January 22, 2006 [accessed April 8, 2014] Learn More: Bertram Goodhue: His Life And Residential Architecture by Romy Wyllie (2007)Buy on AmazonBertram Grosvenor Goodhue by Richard Oliver, MIT Press, 1983Buy on AmazonAlice in Wonderland - A Play With Illustrations by Bertram GoodhueBuy on AmazonA book of architectural and decorative drawings by Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, 1924Buy on Amazon Source: The Alexander S. Lawson Archive, Ithaca Typothetae at www.lawsonarchive.com/april-23/ [accessed April 26, 2012]

Advertising Campaign Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Advertising Campaign - Case Study Example This advertising campaign cost the network about $20 million and was supposed to be one of the best advertising campaigns of the year 2006. The aim of this campaign was to use emotions as the means of attracting new clients and visitors; the campaign implied the use of emotion of experience and not physical experience as the basis for the development of the new global instrument of expanding the range of clients. The use of the core human values as the values which are peculiar of the personnel and the creators of the Sheraton hotels network, and thus provide their visitors with homelike warmth and comfort, has become the central theme of the 15: and 30: second TV spots. The development of the campaign was ruled by the Duo Rene Villar-Rios and Jan Vogel, who had become well-known for the development of successful ad campaigns for Coca-Cola and Nike. The central slogan of the advertising campaign 'we belong' was meant to make people understand they 'belong' to any hotel they decide to visit within the Sheraton network, and as people need to belong, hotels become the means of making people feel at home while in reality they are far away from it. (http://www.hotel-online.com/News/PR2006_2nd/Apr06_SheratonCampaign.html) The aim of providing people with all homelike options possible has also been achieved through provision of the clients with 10-minutes free telephone card to call those 'who matter'; Sheraton has also created new Internet site for the promotion of its services online. Now let's analyze this advertising campaign from the viewpoint of how it should look and be conducted with the account of the principal theoretical notions which have been given through lectures. The first interesting aspect to analyze in the advertising campaign is the two way communicative models. It is interesting to note, that this model has been used as the basic one for the creation of the Sheraton's ad campaign. I have come to the conclusion that this model has made this campaign very successful. What is seen here in more detail is that the coded message which appears as a slogan in each TV spot, namely 'we belong', is the coded message which each of those who see it interpret in his (her) own way. However, it is also important to note that interpretation should also be directed, because the consumers of the advertising products should decode the message the way the seller (advertiser wants it), thus it is not a simple process here. (Mittal, 2004) While the message is 'interpreted in different ways', the advertiser should care for these ways to be limited within the desired range. Thus, the message 'we belong' should first of all carry meaning of belonging to the hote l network, becoming its permanent clients and show the way the visitors will be treated during their stay there. This is why the core message here 'you don't just stay there - you belong'. Probably it would sound better is this message were made fuller and used in a wider form, but as the campaign has mostly been aimed at TV channels, thus capturing both visual and hearing attention of people (potential consumers) it is possible to say, that the decoded message has reached the targeted audience, but the message 'we belong' should be very brightly depicted, so that the audience interprets it in the necessary way through additional visual effects. (James & Kover, 1992) In this advertisement the source was the Advertiser, carrying the coded message 'we belon

Organizational Diagnosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organizational Diagnosis - Essay Example The report intends to identify the global challenges faced by Infosys Technologies, as envisaged by Mr. NR Narayana Murthy in his response. Also, a sincere attempt has been made to cull out the prominent and major factors underlying these challenges. One important objective of this report is to elaborate on the leadership dynamics existing within Infosys, and to come out with alternate explanations for the challenges being faced by this company. This serves as an additional vantage point from which the chosen leader can analyze the performance of his organization on the international stage. The report culminates with an action plan, especially drafted for Mr. NR Narayana Murthy, to possibly help him resolve the global challenges faced by his dream enterprise. The salient features of this action plan are backed by valid theoretical inputs. With the proliferation of knowledge and information based enterprises in the 21st century, the leadership paradigms of the yore are just not sufficient to navigate organizations operating sans borders and constraints (Foxon, 1998). Enhanced usage of telecommunication, information technology and the internet has not only accelerated the pace at which businesses are conducted, but has also expended the arena and formats governing the hitherto traditional enterprises (Bennis, 1993). Thus, it is not a surprise that contemporary businesses need global leaders, who are not only effective and committed, but own a rich set of qualities, skills and attributes, which enable them lead organizations in a global playing field (Rosenbach & Taylor, 1998). The salient ascriptions of a global leader are one’s global perspective, technology savvy, cultural competency, adaptability, integrity, social finesse, theoretical astuteness, creativity and individual drive, bolstered by an international and variegated experience (Patterson, Dannhauser & Stone, 2007). NR Narayana Murthy could validly be ascribed to be a global leader in the

Journal article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal article review - Essay Example The research was undertaken in more than 15 states and the results are described in the article. The research, according to the author is conducted focusing on two primary points Before describing about the research method, the author has given ample scope to explain about the need for preparing the younger generation to face the globalized world and succeed in the same. The numerous technological advancements, the integration of several aspects of a society inside a cloud of networked community called as the internet and the urge among the developing countries to become standout performers have all been well explained, underlining the necessity to educate the students about global citizenship. The four points were brought into the picture through a review of researches done by several researchers in the past and the author has given a detailed account of each of the points. Also, the author has clearly explained the struggles of teachers who are although willing to teach about the concepts of global citizenship, find it hard to implement it because of the lack of standardized curriculum. As a result, the confidence level of the teachers too has taken a beating with respect to these concepts. A direct list of guidance regarding global citizenship is the need of hour to sustain their interest in teaching these concepts. (Rapoport, 2010) The detailed analysis of the results of the research clearly indicates how the current education system lacks the impact of a multicultural education and thus underscores the importance that needs to be placed on globalization. The continuous negligence of the social impact of globalization is a worrying factor of for the future of younger generations and it can be only improved if the importance given to the economic impacts of globalization takes the second place. Although, it has not been

impacts of the War on Terror on the Policing of US Borders

impacts of the War on Terror on the Policing of US Borders â€Å"Some nations need to be more vigilant against terrorism at their borders if they want their relationship with the U.S. to remain the same† (Former Secretary of State Colin Powell, September 20th 2001). With reference to this statement, critically examine the impacts of the war on terror on the policing of the borders of the United States of America Introduction The 9/11 attacks and subsequent feelings they produced bear many similarities to the Pearl Harbour attacks of 1941 with respect to national identity and patriotism. With both events, the matter of immigration became a prominent issue, especially when considering the concern in America relating to the ‘enemy within’ (Schildkraut, 2002). These concerns manifested themselves in post 9/11 discussions on how best to police the borders of the US. Statements such as, ‘our enemies are hiding in open and available information,’ (Accenture, cited in Kestelyn, 2002: 8) led to calls for greater levels of surveillance, profiling and security, all of which have substantially increased post 9/11. The result has been the rapid expansion of the homeland security market both on American soil and overseas (Amoore, 2006). Rana and Rosas (2006:2) highlight, ‘the mobilisation of the amorphous category of terror, construction of enemy combatants and the collapsing of terrorists with immigrants,’ in creating a renewed fear around borders and illegal immigrants. The scope of the war on terror was expanded in America, where once the threat was considered to be those of Arab, Middle Eastern and Muslim descent, it now spread to include migrants crossing the borders of Canada and Mexico into the US. While Canada has received criticisms from US government officials relating to their border control policies, the focus of this paper will be on the US-Mexico border and in particular the border wall. The post 9/11 expansion of security manifested itself in large parts around the US-Mexico border, culminating in the signing of the Secure Fence Act in 2006 by then President George W. Bush thus allowing for 700 miles of physical barriers to be built along the border. This essay will take the title statement from Colin Powell and discuss how America has become more vigilant post 9/11 and observe the impacts. In addition, while reviewing the range of new measures enacted at the US-Mexico border, this paper will centre on displaying how these measures have been justified by those putting them in place. During these discussions the terms post 9/11 and war on terror shall be used interchangeably as both signify the period of time after the terrorist attacks. History of the Border It is important to note that while border control has long been a primary function of the state, it has been substantially heightened in the wake of 9/11 and the ensuing war on terror (Andreas, 2003). This has been exemplified by The US VISIT programme, run by consulting company Accenture who have created a ‘virtual border.’ This system allows the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to view, regulate and manage the lives of potential visitors (Amoore, 2006), thus preventing any potential threats from coming into contact with US soil (Accenture, 2004). This practice of surveillance and governing multiple aspects of people’s daily lives is a vital component of biometric borders that when all brought together provide ‘a set of unique physical characteristics that can be used to identify you’ (UK Border Agency, 2013). Given the proposed advantages of surveillance, it comes as no surprise that the US, like most modern countries, moved into an age of biopower in which the state regulates its subjects through, ‘an explosion of numerous and diverse techniques for achieving the subjugations of bodies and the control of populations’ (Foucault, 1976:140). Biopower has somewhat signalled the delocalisation of the border in that border functions have been separated from the physical border itself (Bico, 2002; Salter, 2004). However, the US-Mexico border post 9/11 illustrates a clear display of sovereign power with increased networks of disciplinary and military institutions at the actual border acting outside and above the normal law (Nail, 2013). The idea of being above the law and exhibiting high profile displays of force at the border is addressed in the subsequent section discussing the state of exception with consideration to the unique nature of the US-Mexico border. The State of Exception The events of 9/11 led to the US government declaring a state of emergency, a period in which policing powers are expanded. Philosopher Giorgio Agamben sees this as enabling the US government to create a state of exception, a legal measure that precludes normative laws (Agamben, 2004). This approach allows for constituents to be declared as homo sacer, the act of taking away basic civil and human rights from the individual. Accenture’s virtual border and the enhanced powers of the DHS illustrate Agamben’s view in that by providing biometric information required for the US-VISIT you are being stripped to a state of bare life. Agamben’s work around homo sacer, the idea he refers to as bare life (1998, 2000, 2005), has led to a number of scholars applying his work to post 9/11 events such as the new security methods applied at the US borders and the shameful actions documented Guantanamo Bay (Butler, 2004, Zizek, 2002, 2004). Undoubtedly, the creation of a state of exception increased calls for tougher border security and led to the implementation of a new 700 mile US-Mexico border wall and a rise in the number Border Patrol agents from 11,156 in 2005 to 20,119 in 2011 (Correa, 2013). While it has been resisted by many of those living along its path (Haddal et al, 2009), the DHS was able to use their considerable power to move, with force if necessary, those who opposed it. Correa (2013) collected data from residents in Cameron County, Texas, who had lost parts of their land or been forced to move with the implementation of the barrier. Resident Debra Langley described her mixed feelings in being forced to lose a substantial part of her farm due to the new border wall. While not wanting to move, Debra classified herself as a patriot and referred back to the days after 9/11 where George W. Bush said: ‘Either you are with us or you are with the terrorists’ (Bush, 2001). This sentiment has allow ed for the DHS to implement many of their expansive border measures such as drones, watchtowers and sensors with limited opposition as people are unwilling to question immigration and border policies for fear of coming across as unpatriotic. Considering the creation of a state of exception and limited opposition to tougher border policing it comes as little surprise that the Endangered Species Act, the Clean Water Act and the National Environment Policy among other environmental laws were waived in favour of constructing the 700 mile fence (Bartholemew, 2008; Correa, 2013). DHS Secretary Michael Chertoff came under a number of criticisms for his role in the implementation of the border wall with The New York Times (2008) saying: ‘To the long list of things the Bush administration is willing to trash in its rush to appease immigration hard-liners, you can now add dozens of important environmental laws and hundreds of thousands of acres of fragile habitat on the southern border.’ The environment has been so adversely affected by the physical barrier of the border wall yet it took until 2009 for the US government to act in trying to asses and restore the damage that has been caused. In criminalising the entire border area, nature was seen simply as part of the border and thus included in the criminalisation process (Nial, 2013). Even with laws being in place and the expected criticisms arriving from pro environmental sections of society, the government still had enough support to move forward with their projects. Collier (Collier, in Correa, 2013) sees the depiction of Mexican immigrants as a threat to the nation by the state and DHS as providing one of the main justifications for the barrier. Equally important is the role of politicians jumping on the immigration bandwagon in their attempts to garner votes during election periods post 9/11 (Correa, 2013); both notions shall be discussed in the remainder of this essay. Politicians US politicians quickly recognised the importance of supporting enhanced security in combatting the war on terror. The focus of attention swiftly turned to the border wall post 9/11 with its effectiveness coming under increased scrutiny. With George W Bush signing the 2006 Secure Fence Act, the impetus was placed on President Obama to follow suit; in 2012 Obama spent $11.7 billion on the wall to secure a number of areas considered at risk (Dwoskin, 2013). The official reason provided by the DHS for building the US Mexico border wall at a cost of $49 billion (U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2009) was to stop unwanted migration. However, records since its construction display no conclusive reduction in illegal migration, while in contrast, migrant deaths, incarceration and excessive costs have rapidly increased. Nail (2013:113) describes the barrier as ‘a wall that was built to stop illegal migration, and has objectively failed to do so, yet continues to receive funding and political support regardless.’ While the potential backlash of scaling back the wall discourages many politicians from criticising it, providing support for greater security measures rarely sees a backlash from politicians or the general public. A method of justification discussed previously was depicting Mexican immigrants the greatest threat to America, we shall now discuss how this has developed post 9/11. Migrants The rhetoric of some politicians has undeniably resulted in some US citizens’ xenophobic fears of Muslims shifting towards the US-Mexico border, as it is presented as the new biggest terrorist threat to America (Correa, 2013). The Californian Congress representative Duncan Hunter and Senator John Cornyn provide two examples of high profile politicians calling for greater surveillance and military presence at the border citing terrorism as their rationale (Benett, 2005; Eaton, 2010). This portrayal of the US-Mexico border as a hub of international terrorism allows for the continued justification of militarising border regions in order to ‘protect’ America (Inda, 2006). Although illegal immigrants have been classified as ‘new’ security threats (Andreas, 2003), it is incorrect to believe that viewing them as national security concerns is a new phenomenon (Adamson, 2006). Long before 9/11, migration had been a focus of concern for America going back to th e Cold War when borders began to be far more closely scrutinised. This scrutiny rose significantly post 9/11 with a prominent reason being that securing and maintaining your border are, ‘arguably necessary preconditions for the maintenance of state security in other areas’ (Adamson, 2006:176). While it was thought that the end of the Cold War would signal a reduction in militarised borders (Mearsheimer, 1990), this has not been the case with the US Mexico border post 9/11 where in order to secure and maintain the border, we have seen a spike in amount of military apparatus used as a method of policing. Alongside this, there has been the merging of predominantly geopolitical intelligence work and domestic law enforcement work with the Pentagon taking a far more active role in matters of border enforcement (Andreas, 2003). This has resulted in surveillance of immigrants within the US increasing, especially since discourse on the ‘enemy within’ has risen. Interior policing has also expanded rapidly with 359,000 internal removals made in 2008, up from 180,000 in 2001 (Coleman, 2007). While this would appear to signal more is being done, we can look the role of private companies in operating the US Mexico border and see this simply as the circulation of illegal imm igrants. Politicians classify the border and especially the border wall as being in place to stop illegal migration yet the US government has hired private companies to secure the border. Boeing Corporation, G4S and Wackenhut are three such companies, all of whom, as private companies aim to generate the greatest amount of profit and thus not necessarily stop all illegal migration which would destroy their market (Nial, 2013). This circulation of illegal migrants enables the companies to maximise their profits and allows politicians to utilise the figures from arrests and illegal migrants entering the country to justify the increased levels of policing on the border (Norrell, 2007). Conclusion Looking at the history of policing on the US-Mexico border there have been notable changes since the war on terror began. Correa (2013) notes there has been a level of racial anxiety around the border since the 1920’s (resulting from the simple use/ definition of a border as keeping the enemy out), which has now culminated in the border existing in a ‘permanent state of racial emergency’ (Michaelsen, 2005: 89). The war on terrors’ main impact was the subsequent creation of the quasi- military DHS who facilitated the rapid militarisation of regions around the border, much to the detriment of the region’s nature and human population. Alongside this, it has legitimised groups such as The Minutemen who patrol the border stopping illegal immigrants attempting to cross (Marinucci and Martin, 2005). Considering there are high profile politicians such as John McCain boasting of making the US-Mexico border into ‘the most militarized border since the fal l of the Berlin Wall,’ (McCain, 2013), it appears there will be no subside in the levels of border policing. For any change to occur, the socio-historical construction of the US Mexico border as a violent and threatening area must subside (Correa, 2013). Bibliography Accenture. (2004). US DHS to develop and implement US VISIT program at air, land and sea ports of. Retrieved March 4, 2014, from Accenture. Adamson, F. B. (2006). Crossing Borders: International Migration and National Security. International Security, 31(1), 165-199. Agamben, G. (1998). Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. (D. Heller-Roazen, Trans.) Meridian. Agamben, G. (2000). Means Without End: Notes of Politics. (V. Binetti, C. Casarino, Trans.) University of Minnesota Press. Agamben, G. (2004). No To Bio-Political Tattooing. Paris: Le Monde Diplomatique. Agamben, G. (2005). State of Exception. (K. Attell, Trans.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Amoore, L. (2006). Biometric borders: Governing mobilities in the war on terror. Political Geography, 336-351. Andreas, P. (2003). Re-Drawing the Line, Borders and Security in the 21st Century. International Security, 28(2), 78-111. Bartholemew, W. (2008). South Texas groups sue DHS to restore environmental laws along the border. Retrieved February 28, 2014, from Sierra Club Lone Star: http://www.texas.sierraclub.org/ press/newsreleases/20080530.asp Benett, W. (2005, December 30). Hunter touts 700-mile border fence. Retrieved March 3, 2014, from North County Times: http://www.nctimes.com/news/article_aaec1e24-c6bd-549e-bcc1-a8ffe647148f.html Bigo, D. (2002). Security and Immigration: Toward a Critique of the Governmentality of Unease. 27, 63-92. Bush, G. W. (2001, September 20). Address to a joint session of Congress and the American people. Office of the Press Secretary. Washington DC. Butler, J. (2004). Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. London: New York Press. Coleman, M. (2007). Immigration geopolitics beyond the US–. Antipode, 39(1), 54-76. Correa, J. G. (2013). After 9/11 everything changed: Re-formations of state violence in everyday life on the US-Mexico border. Cultural Dynamics, 25(1), 99-119. Dwoskin, E. (2013, March 13). Sealing the U.S. Border Would Cost an Additional $28 Billion a Year. Retrieved February 26, 2014, from Bloomberg Business Week: http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-03-13/the-price-tag-for-sealing-the-u-dot-s-dot-border-isnt-pretty Eaton, T. (2010, March 18). Texas senators ask Obama to help prevent border violence Cornyn, Hutchisonwant Obama to meet them at U.S.-Mexico border. Retrieved March 3, 2014, from Austin American-Statesman: http://www.statesman.com/news/texas/texas-senators-ask-obama-to-help-pre-vent-border-383990.html Editorial. (2008, April 3). Michael Chertoff’s Insult. Retrieved February 28, 2014, from New York Times. Foucault, M. (1976). The History of Sexuality (Vol. 1). Gaskill, M. (2011, August 2). United States border fence threatens wildlife. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from Nature: http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110802/full/news.2011.452.html Haddal, C., Kim, Y., Garcia, M. (2009, March). Border security: barriers along the U.S. international border. Congressional Research Service report for Congress. RL 33659. Home Office, U. B. (2013). Enrolling Your Biometric Information. Retrieved January 25, 2014, from Home Office, UK Border Agency: http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/visas-immigration/studying/adult-students/applying-inside-uk/biometric/ Inda, J. (2006). Border prophylaxis: technology, illegality and the government of immigration. Cultural Dynamics, 18(2), 115-138. Kestelyn, J. (2002). For want of a nail. Intelligent Enterprise, 5(7), 8. Marinucci, C., Martin, M. (2005, April 29). Governor endorses Minutemen on border / He parts with Bush on armed volunteers stopping illegal immigrants in Arizona. Retrieved February 25, 2014, from San Francisco Chronicle: http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Governor-endorses-Minutemen-on-border-He-parts-2685866.php Mearsheimer, J. J. (1990). Back to the Future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War. International Security, 15(1), 5-56. Michaelsen, S. (2005). Between Japanese American internment and the USA Patriot Act: the bor-derlands and the permanent state of racial exception. A Journal of Chicano Studies, 30(2), 87-111. Nail, T. (2013). The Crossroads of Power: Michel Foucault and the US/Mexico Border Wall. Foucault Studies, 15, 110-128. Norrell, B. (2007, August 25). Privatizing Misery, Deporting and Imprisoning Migrants for Profit: The Hidden Agenda . Retrieved March 2, 2014, from The Narco News : www.narconews.com/Issue46/article2769.html Office, U. G. (2009). Technology Deployment Delays Persist and the Impact of Border . US Government Accountability Office. Pellegrini, F. (2001, September 28). TIME/CNN Poll: Americans Give Bush a Big Thumbs-Up. Retrieved February 26, 2014, from Time U.S.: http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,176815,00.html Rana, J., Rosas, G. (2006). Managing Crisis Post 9/11 Policing and Empire. Cultural Dynamics, 18(219), 218-234. Salter, M. (2004). Passports, Mobility, and Security: How Smart Can the Border Be? Policy in International Studies, 5(1), 71-91. Schildkraut, D. (2002, September). The More Things Change American Identity and Mass and Elite Responses to 9/11. Political Psychology, 23(3), 511-535. UK Border Agency. (2013). Retrieved March 4, 2014, from Enrolling your Biometric Information: http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/visas-immigration/working/tier2/ministerofreligion/applying/biometric/ Zizek, S. (2002). Welcome to the Desert of the Real! Five Essays on 11 September and Related Dates. London and New York: Verso. Zizek, S. (2004). Iraq: The Borrowed Kettle. London and New York: Verso. 1