Supply Chain Integration free essay sample

Management revolve around efficient integration between suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and stores. The challenge is on how to coordinate all the activities, in order to: * Improve performance * Reduce cost * Increase service level * Reduce Bullwhip effect * Better utilise resources * Respond effectively to changes in market places Not merely coordinating production, transportation and inventory, but also integrate front end to back end of SC. Various SC integration strategies: * Push, pull, push–pull strategy. Matching products and industries with supply chain strategies. * Demand-driven supply chain strategies. * The impact of the Internet on supply chain integration. Push-Based SC * Production and distribution decisions based on long-term forecasts. * Manufacturer demand forecasts based on orders received from the retailer’s warehouses. , leading to: * Longer reaction time to changing marketplace * Inability to meet changing demand patterns. * Obsolescence of s upply chain inventory as demand for certain products disappears. * Variability of orders received from retailers and suppliers are much larger than the variability in customer demand due to the bullwhip effect, this leads to: * Excessive inventories due to the need for large safety stocks * Larger and more variable production batches * Unacceptable service levels * Product obsolescence * Bullwhip effect: occurs when the demand order variabilities in the supply chain are amplified as they moved up the supply chain , will leads to inefficient resource utilization because planning and managing are much more difficult. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply Chain Integration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Push Based SC usually results in: * Higher transportation costs * Higher inventory levels and/or higher manufacturing costs * More emergency production changeovers Pull- Based SC * Production and distribution demand driven * Coordinated with true customer demand rather than forecast demand * Firm does not hold any inventory and only responds to specific orders. * Enabled by fast information flow mechanism to transfer customer demand to SC participants. * Intuitively attractive, due to: * Reduced lead times through the ability to better anticipate incoming orders from the retailers. Reduced inventory since inventory levels increase with lead times * Less variability in the system, particularly in manufacturing process * Decreased inventory at the manufacturer due to the reduction in variability. * Often difficult to implement when lead times are long, because * Impractical to react to demand information. * more difficult to take advantage of economies of scale New supply chain strategy that takes the best of both, a hybrid Push–pull supply chain strategy Push-Pull SC Typically the intial stages in the SC are operated in push manner, while the remaining employ pull based strategy. * Interface between push and pull strategy called push-pull boundaries. * For example, in PC industry ,the inventory of the component is managed based ion forecast (push) while the final assembly implies is in response to a specific customer request (pull). The portion prior to assembly is a push part, while pull part starts with assembly and performed based on actual customers demand. The push-pull boundaries is at the beginning of the assembly. Manufacturer takes advantage of the fact that aggregate forecast are more accurate. * Postponement or delayed differentiation in product design is an example of this push-push strategy, where the decisions about specific product can be delayed as long as possible. Identify Appropriate Strategy * Higher demand uncertainty leads to PULL strategy; lower demand uncertainty leads to PUSH strategy * Higher importance of Economies of Scales (value of aggregate demand, imporatance of managing SC based on long term forecast) lead to PUSH strategy; the other way around for PULL strategy. Box I is Pull and Box III is push: understood. * In box IV, more careful analysis is required, depending on specific cost and uncertainties. * For box II, it is an excellent example for push-pull strategy. Implementing Push-Pull Strategy * Low demand uncertainty in PUSH Strategy characterized by long lead time and complex supply chain structure. It’s also means that the firm can focus on cost minimization and resource utilization * In PULL portion, there is high uncertainty, simple SC st ructure and short cycle time. The focus is on service level, which can be achieved through flexible and responsive SC, adapt quickly to customers demand. Order fulfilment process are typically applied to maintain service level. Demand Driven Strategy * Demand forecast: Use historical data to develop long term estimate of expected demand * Demand Shaping: Determines the impact of marketing plans (promotion, advertising, discounts, rebates, etc) on demand forecast. To increase forecast efficiency and reduce forecast error, there are few approach: * Select push-pull boundaries where demand is aggregated over one or more dimensions across products, geography, or time * Use market analysis and demographic/ economic trends to improve forecast accuracy * Determine optimal assortment of products by store to reduce the number of SKU competing in same market * Incorporate collaborative planning and forecasting process with your customers to achieve better understanding of market demand, impact of promotions and ads. At the end, the firm has a demand forecast by SKU by location. The next step is to analyse the SC chain and see if it can support the demand forecast. This process called balancing supply and demand. Impact of Internet in Supply Chain Strategies * Internet and emerging e-business has raised expectations that many SC problems could be solved. E business strategy supposed to reduce cost, increase service level and flexibility, and of course profit. * In reality, these expectations frequently unmet. E business: A collection of business models and process motivated by internet technology and focusing on improving the extended enterprise performance E commerce: Ability to perform major commerce transactions electronically

Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue and Church Architecture

Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue and Church Architecture American architect Bertram G. Goodhue (born April 28, 1869 in Pomfret, Connecticut) was an innovator who combined Gothic and Hispanic designs with modern ideas. He revolutionized church (ecclesiastical) architecture by reawakening Medieval traditions, with a focus on modern detailing within traditional designs. His fanciful Spanish Churrigueresque buildings for the Panama-California Exposition brought new energy to Spanish Colonial Revival architecture in the United States. Later in his career, Goodhue moved beyond Gothic ornamentation to explore classical forms, designing landmark buildings such as the Nebraska State Capitol. Goodhue could not afford to attend college, although he was a known sketch artist throughout the New Haven military academy he attended. Instead of college, at age fifteen he went to work in the New York office of Renwick, Aspinwall and Russell. For six years he studied under James Renwick, Jr., architect of many public buildings and churches, including Smithsonian Institute Castle in Washington, DC and Grace Church and St. Patricks Cathedral in New York City. In 1891, he joined Ralph Adams Cram and Charles Wentworth in a Boston partnership that later became Cram, Goodhue Ferguson. The firm opened a branch in New York City, which by 1913 Goodhue had made his own. Although Goodhues early works were noted for their high Gothic style, he later adopted a Romanesque style. By the end of his career, his work tended toward simple, classical lines. The Los Angeles Central Library, completed after his death, has elements of Art Deco design. Today Goodhue is considered an American modernist. Youve probably seen his work, without knowing it. Goodhue is said to have invented two font styles: Merrymount, designed for the Merrymount Press of Boston; and Cheltenham, designed for the Cheltenham Press in New York City; Cheltenham was adopted by The New York Times for their headline typeface and by the L.L. Bean company for their distinctive logo. Goodhue died in New York City on April 23, 1924. Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue Architectural Drawings and Papers, 1882-1980 are archived at Columbia University in New York. Selected Projects Attributed to Goodhue: Bertram G. Goodhue was a known collaborator in architectural projects. The 1910 Cadet Chapel at West Point in New York is attributed to Cram, Goodhue, and Ferguson, although Goodhue was the lead architect. Projects from his own New York City office took advantage of a growing United States market of public and ecclesiastic architecture from coast to coast. His most notable works include the First Baptist Church (1912) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; the Church of the Intercession (1915) and St. Bartholomews Church (St. Barts, 1918) both in New York City. California works include the 1915 Panama-California Exposition Buildings in San Diego, the 1926 Los Angeles Central Public Library (LAPL), and the 1924Â  Master Plan for the California Institute of Technology. In between New York and California look for the 1922 Nebraska State Capitol building in Lincoln, Nebraska and the 1924 National Academy of Sciences Building in Washington, DC. In the Words of Goodhue: ...the trouble in our houses today is that we want everything to seem rich and extravagant- we want money, and then we want to show it in our surroundings. - from The New York Times, A Renowned Architects Home of His Own by Christopher Gray, January 22, 2006 [accessed April 8, 2014] Learn More: Bertram Goodhue: His Life And Residential Architecture by Romy Wyllie (2007)Buy on AmazonBertram Grosvenor Goodhue by Richard Oliver, MIT Press, 1983Buy on AmazonAlice in Wonderland - A Play With Illustrations by Bertram GoodhueBuy on AmazonA book of architectural and decorative drawings by Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue, 1924Buy on Amazon Source: The Alexander S. Lawson Archive, Ithaca Typothetae at www.lawsonarchive.com/april-23/ [accessed April 26, 2012]

Advertising Campaign Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Advertising Campaign - Case Study Example This advertising campaign cost the network about $20 million and was supposed to be one of the best advertising campaigns of the year 2006. The aim of this campaign was to use emotions as the means of attracting new clients and visitors; the campaign implied the use of emotion of experience and not physical experience as the basis for the development of the new global instrument of expanding the range of clients. The use of the core human values as the values which are peculiar of the personnel and the creators of the Sheraton hotels network, and thus provide their visitors with homelike warmth and comfort, has become the central theme of the 15: and 30: second TV spots. The development of the campaign was ruled by the Duo Rene Villar-Rios and Jan Vogel, who had become well-known for the development of successful ad campaigns for Coca-Cola and Nike. The central slogan of the advertising campaign 'we belong' was meant to make people understand they 'belong' to any hotel they decide to visit within the Sheraton network, and as people need to belong, hotels become the means of making people feel at home while in reality they are far away from it. (http://www.hotel-online.com/News/PR2006_2nd/Apr06_SheratonCampaign.html) The aim of providing people with all homelike options possible has also been achieved through provision of the clients with 10-minutes free telephone card to call those 'who matter'; Sheraton has also created new Internet site for the promotion of its services online. Now let's analyze this advertising campaign from the viewpoint of how it should look and be conducted with the account of the principal theoretical notions which have been given through lectures. The first interesting aspect to analyze in the advertising campaign is the two way communicative models. It is interesting to note, that this model has been used as the basic one for the creation of the Sheraton's ad campaign. I have come to the conclusion that this model has made this campaign very successful. What is seen here in more detail is that the coded message which appears as a slogan in each TV spot, namely 'we belong', is the coded message which each of those who see it interpret in his (her) own way. However, it is also important to note that interpretation should also be directed, because the consumers of the advertising products should decode the message the way the seller (advertiser wants it), thus it is not a simple process here. (Mittal, 2004) While the message is 'interpreted in different ways', the advertiser should care for these ways to be limited within the desired range. Thus, the message 'we belong' should first of all carry meaning of belonging to the hote l network, becoming its permanent clients and show the way the visitors will be treated during their stay there. This is why the core message here 'you don't just stay there - you belong'. Probably it would sound better is this message were made fuller and used in a wider form, but as the campaign has mostly been aimed at TV channels, thus capturing both visual and hearing attention of people (potential consumers) it is possible to say, that the decoded message has reached the targeted audience, but the message 'we belong' should be very brightly depicted, so that the audience interprets it in the necessary way through additional visual effects. (James & Kover, 1992) In this advertisement the source was the Advertiser, carrying the coded message 'we belon

Organizational Diagnosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organizational Diagnosis - Essay Example The report intends to identify the global challenges faced by Infosys Technologies, as envisaged by Mr. NR Narayana Murthy in his response. Also, a sincere attempt has been made to cull out the prominent and major factors underlying these challenges. One important objective of this report is to elaborate on the leadership dynamics existing within Infosys, and to come out with alternate explanations for the challenges being faced by this company. This serves as an additional vantage point from which the chosen leader can analyze the performance of his organization on the international stage. The report culminates with an action plan, especially drafted for Mr. NR Narayana Murthy, to possibly help him resolve the global challenges faced by his dream enterprise. The salient features of this action plan are backed by valid theoretical inputs. With the proliferation of knowledge and information based enterprises in the 21st century, the leadership paradigms of the yore are just not sufficient to navigate organizations operating sans borders and constraints (Foxon, 1998). Enhanced usage of telecommunication, information technology and the internet has not only accelerated the pace at which businesses are conducted, but has also expended the arena and formats governing the hitherto traditional enterprises (Bennis, 1993). Thus, it is not a surprise that contemporary businesses need global leaders, who are not only effective and committed, but own a rich set of qualities, skills and attributes, which enable them lead organizations in a global playing field (Rosenbach & Taylor, 1998). The salient ascriptions of a global leader are one’s global perspective, technology savvy, cultural competency, adaptability, integrity, social finesse, theoretical astuteness, creativity and individual drive, bolstered by an international and variegated experience (Patterson, Dannhauser & Stone, 2007). NR Narayana Murthy could validly be ascribed to be a global leader in the

Journal article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal article review - Essay Example The research was undertaken in more than 15 states and the results are described in the article. The research, according to the author is conducted focusing on two primary points Before describing about the research method, the author has given ample scope to explain about the need for preparing the younger generation to face the globalized world and succeed in the same. The numerous technological advancements, the integration of several aspects of a society inside a cloud of networked community called as the internet and the urge among the developing countries to become standout performers have all been well explained, underlining the necessity to educate the students about global citizenship. The four points were brought into the picture through a review of researches done by several researchers in the past and the author has given a detailed account of each of the points. Also, the author has clearly explained the struggles of teachers who are although willing to teach about the concepts of global citizenship, find it hard to implement it because of the lack of standardized curriculum. As a result, the confidence level of the teachers too has taken a beating with respect to these concepts. A direct list of guidance regarding global citizenship is the need of hour to sustain their interest in teaching these concepts. (Rapoport, 2010) The detailed analysis of the results of the research clearly indicates how the current education system lacks the impact of a multicultural education and thus underscores the importance that needs to be placed on globalization. The continuous negligence of the social impact of globalization is a worrying factor of for the future of younger generations and it can be only improved if the importance given to the economic impacts of globalization takes the second place. Although, it has not been

impacts of the War on Terror on the Policing of US Borders

impacts of the War on Terror on the Policing of US Borders â€Å"Some nations need to be more vigilant against terrorism at their borders if they want their relationship with the U.S. to remain the same† (Former Secretary of State Colin Powell, September 20th 2001). With reference to this statement, critically examine the impacts of the war on terror on the policing of the borders of the United States of America Introduction The 9/11 attacks and subsequent feelings they produced bear many similarities to the Pearl Harbour attacks of 1941 with respect to national identity and patriotism. With both events, the matter of immigration became a prominent issue, especially when considering the concern in America relating to the ‘enemy within’ (Schildkraut, 2002). These concerns manifested themselves in post 9/11 discussions on how best to police the borders of the US. Statements such as, ‘our enemies are hiding in open and available information,’ (Accenture, cited in Kestelyn, 2002: 8) led to calls for greater levels of surveillance, profiling and security, all of which have substantially increased post 9/11. The result has been the rapid expansion of the homeland security market both on American soil and overseas (Amoore, 2006). Rana and Rosas (2006:2) highlight, ‘the mobilisation of the amorphous category of terror, construction of enemy combatants and the collapsing of terrorists with immigrants,’ in creating a renewed fear around borders and illegal immigrants. The scope of the war on terror was expanded in America, where once the threat was considered to be those of Arab, Middle Eastern and Muslim descent, it now spread to include migrants crossing the borders of Canada and Mexico into the US. While Canada has received criticisms from US government officials relating to their border control policies, the focus of this paper will be on the US-Mexico border and in particular the border wall. The post 9/11 expansion of security manifested itself in large parts around the US-Mexico border, culminating in the signing of the Secure Fence Act in 2006 by then President George W. Bush thus allowing for 700 miles of physical barriers to be built along the border. This essay will take the title statement from Colin Powell and discuss how America has become more vigilant post 9/11 and observe the impacts. In addition, while reviewing the range of new measures enacted at the US-Mexico border, this paper will centre on displaying how these measures have been justified by those putting them in place. During these discussions the terms post 9/11 and war on terror shall be used interchangeably as both signify the period of time after the terrorist attacks. History of the Border It is important to note that while border control has long been a primary function of the state, it has been substantially heightened in the wake of 9/11 and the ensuing war on terror (Andreas, 2003). This has been exemplified by The US VISIT programme, run by consulting company Accenture who have created a ‘virtual border.’ This system allows the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to view, regulate and manage the lives of potential visitors (Amoore, 2006), thus preventing any potential threats from coming into contact with US soil (Accenture, 2004). This practice of surveillance and governing multiple aspects of people’s daily lives is a vital component of biometric borders that when all brought together provide ‘a set of unique physical characteristics that can be used to identify you’ (UK Border Agency, 2013). Given the proposed advantages of surveillance, it comes as no surprise that the US, like most modern countries, moved into an age of biopower in which the state regulates its subjects through, ‘an explosion of numerous and diverse techniques for achieving the subjugations of bodies and the control of populations’ (Foucault, 1976:140). Biopower has somewhat signalled the delocalisation of the border in that border functions have been separated from the physical border itself (Bico, 2002; Salter, 2004). However, the US-Mexico border post 9/11 illustrates a clear display of sovereign power with increased networks of disciplinary and military institutions at the actual border acting outside and above the normal law (Nail, 2013). The idea of being above the law and exhibiting high profile displays of force at the border is addressed in the subsequent section discussing the state of exception with consideration to the unique nature of the US-Mexico border. The State of Exception The events of 9/11 led to the US government declaring a state of emergency, a period in which policing powers are expanded. Philosopher Giorgio Agamben sees this as enabling the US government to create a state of exception, a legal measure that precludes normative laws (Agamben, 2004). This approach allows for constituents to be declared as homo sacer, the act of taking away basic civil and human rights from the individual. Accenture’s virtual border and the enhanced powers of the DHS illustrate Agamben’s view in that by providing biometric information required for the US-VISIT you are being stripped to a state of bare life. Agamben’s work around homo sacer, the idea he refers to as bare life (1998, 2000, 2005), has led to a number of scholars applying his work to post 9/11 events such as the new security methods applied at the US borders and the shameful actions documented Guantanamo Bay (Butler, 2004, Zizek, 2002, 2004). Undoubtedly, the creation of a state of exception increased calls for tougher border security and led to the implementation of a new 700 mile US-Mexico border wall and a rise in the number Border Patrol agents from 11,156 in 2005 to 20,119 in 2011 (Correa, 2013). While it has been resisted by many of those living along its path (Haddal et al, 2009), the DHS was able to use their considerable power to move, with force if necessary, those who opposed it. Correa (2013) collected data from residents in Cameron County, Texas, who had lost parts of their land or been forced to move with the implementation of the barrier. Resident Debra Langley described her mixed feelings in being forced to lose a substantial part of her farm due to the new border wall. While not wanting to move, Debra classified herself as a patriot and referred back to the days after 9/11 where George W. Bush said: ‘Either you are with us or you are with the terrorists’ (Bush, 2001). This sentiment has allow ed for the DHS to implement many of their expansive border measures such as drones, watchtowers and sensors with limited opposition as people are unwilling to question immigration and border policies for fear of coming across as unpatriotic. Considering the creation of a state of exception and limited opposition to tougher border policing it comes as little surprise that the Endangered Species Act, the Clean Water Act and the National Environment Policy among other environmental laws were waived in favour of constructing the 700 mile fence (Bartholemew, 2008; Correa, 2013). DHS Secretary Michael Chertoff came under a number of criticisms for his role in the implementation of the border wall with The New York Times (2008) saying: ‘To the long list of things the Bush administration is willing to trash in its rush to appease immigration hard-liners, you can now add dozens of important environmental laws and hundreds of thousands of acres of fragile habitat on the southern border.’ The environment has been so adversely affected by the physical barrier of the border wall yet it took until 2009 for the US government to act in trying to asses and restore the damage that has been caused. In criminalising the entire border area, nature was seen simply as part of the border and thus included in the criminalisation process (Nial, 2013). Even with laws being in place and the expected criticisms arriving from pro environmental sections of society, the government still had enough support to move forward with their projects. Collier (Collier, in Correa, 2013) sees the depiction of Mexican immigrants as a threat to the nation by the state and DHS as providing one of the main justifications for the barrier. Equally important is the role of politicians jumping on the immigration bandwagon in their attempts to garner votes during election periods post 9/11 (Correa, 2013); both notions shall be discussed in the remainder of this essay. Politicians US politicians quickly recognised the importance of supporting enhanced security in combatting the war on terror. The focus of attention swiftly turned to the border wall post 9/11 with its effectiveness coming under increased scrutiny. With George W Bush signing the 2006 Secure Fence Act, the impetus was placed on President Obama to follow suit; in 2012 Obama spent $11.7 billion on the wall to secure a number of areas considered at risk (Dwoskin, 2013). The official reason provided by the DHS for building the US Mexico border wall at a cost of $49 billion (U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2009) was to stop unwanted migration. However, records since its construction display no conclusive reduction in illegal migration, while in contrast, migrant deaths, incarceration and excessive costs have rapidly increased. Nail (2013:113) describes the barrier as ‘a wall that was built to stop illegal migration, and has objectively failed to do so, yet continues to receive funding and political support regardless.’ While the potential backlash of scaling back the wall discourages many politicians from criticising it, providing support for greater security measures rarely sees a backlash from politicians or the general public. A method of justification discussed previously was depicting Mexican immigrants the greatest threat to America, we shall now discuss how this has developed post 9/11. Migrants The rhetoric of some politicians has undeniably resulted in some US citizens’ xenophobic fears of Muslims shifting towards the US-Mexico border, as it is presented as the new biggest terrorist threat to America (Correa, 2013). The Californian Congress representative Duncan Hunter and Senator John Cornyn provide two examples of high profile politicians calling for greater surveillance and military presence at the border citing terrorism as their rationale (Benett, 2005; Eaton, 2010). This portrayal of the US-Mexico border as a hub of international terrorism allows for the continued justification of militarising border regions in order to ‘protect’ America (Inda, 2006). Although illegal immigrants have been classified as ‘new’ security threats (Andreas, 2003), it is incorrect to believe that viewing them as national security concerns is a new phenomenon (Adamson, 2006). Long before 9/11, migration had been a focus of concern for America going back to th e Cold War when borders began to be far more closely scrutinised. This scrutiny rose significantly post 9/11 with a prominent reason being that securing and maintaining your border are, ‘arguably necessary preconditions for the maintenance of state security in other areas’ (Adamson, 2006:176). While it was thought that the end of the Cold War would signal a reduction in militarised borders (Mearsheimer, 1990), this has not been the case with the US Mexico border post 9/11 where in order to secure and maintain the border, we have seen a spike in amount of military apparatus used as a method of policing. Alongside this, there has been the merging of predominantly geopolitical intelligence work and domestic law enforcement work with the Pentagon taking a far more active role in matters of border enforcement (Andreas, 2003). This has resulted in surveillance of immigrants within the US increasing, especially since discourse on the ‘enemy within’ has risen. Interior policing has also expanded rapidly with 359,000 internal removals made in 2008, up from 180,000 in 2001 (Coleman, 2007). While this would appear to signal more is being done, we can look the role of private companies in operating the US Mexico border and see this simply as the circulation of illegal imm igrants. Politicians classify the border and especially the border wall as being in place to stop illegal migration yet the US government has hired private companies to secure the border. Boeing Corporation, G4S and Wackenhut are three such companies, all of whom, as private companies aim to generate the greatest amount of profit and thus not necessarily stop all illegal migration which would destroy their market (Nial, 2013). This circulation of illegal migrants enables the companies to maximise their profits and allows politicians to utilise the figures from arrests and illegal migrants entering the country to justify the increased levels of policing on the border (Norrell, 2007). Conclusion Looking at the history of policing on the US-Mexico border there have been notable changes since the war on terror began. Correa (2013) notes there has been a level of racial anxiety around the border since the 1920’s (resulting from the simple use/ definition of a border as keeping the enemy out), which has now culminated in the border existing in a ‘permanent state of racial emergency’ (Michaelsen, 2005: 89). The war on terrors’ main impact was the subsequent creation of the quasi- military DHS who facilitated the rapid militarisation of regions around the border, much to the detriment of the region’s nature and human population. Alongside this, it has legitimised groups such as The Minutemen who patrol the border stopping illegal immigrants attempting to cross (Marinucci and Martin, 2005). Considering there are high profile politicians such as John McCain boasting of making the US-Mexico border into ‘the most militarized border since the fal l of the Berlin Wall,’ (McCain, 2013), it appears there will be no subside in the levels of border policing. For any change to occur, the socio-historical construction of the US Mexico border as a violent and threatening area must subside (Correa, 2013). Bibliography Accenture. (2004). US DHS to develop and implement US VISIT program at air, land and sea ports of. Retrieved March 4, 2014, from Accenture. Adamson, F. B. (2006). Crossing Borders: International Migration and National Security. International Security, 31(1), 165-199. Agamben, G. (1998). Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. (D. Heller-Roazen, Trans.) Meridian. Agamben, G. (2000). Means Without End: Notes of Politics. (V. Binetti, C. Casarino, Trans.) University of Minnesota Press. Agamben, G. (2004). No To Bio-Political Tattooing. Paris: Le Monde Diplomatique. Agamben, G. (2005). State of Exception. (K. Attell, Trans.) Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Amoore, L. (2006). Biometric borders: Governing mobilities in the war on terror. Political Geography, 336-351. Andreas, P. (2003). Re-Drawing the Line, Borders and Security in the 21st Century. International Security, 28(2), 78-111. Bartholemew, W. (2008). South Texas groups sue DHS to restore environmental laws along the border. Retrieved February 28, 2014, from Sierra Club Lone Star: http://www.texas.sierraclub.org/ press/newsreleases/20080530.asp Benett, W. (2005, December 30). Hunter touts 700-mile border fence. Retrieved March 3, 2014, from North County Times: http://www.nctimes.com/news/article_aaec1e24-c6bd-549e-bcc1-a8ffe647148f.html Bigo, D. (2002). Security and Immigration: Toward a Critique of the Governmentality of Unease. 27, 63-92. Bush, G. W. (2001, September 20). Address to a joint session of Congress and the American people. Office of the Press Secretary. Washington DC. Butler, J. (2004). Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. London: New York Press. Coleman, M. (2007). Immigration geopolitics beyond the US–. Antipode, 39(1), 54-76. Correa, J. G. (2013). After 9/11 everything changed: Re-formations of state violence in everyday life on the US-Mexico border. Cultural Dynamics, 25(1), 99-119. Dwoskin, E. (2013, March 13). Sealing the U.S. Border Would Cost an Additional $28 Billion a Year. Retrieved February 26, 2014, from Bloomberg Business Week: http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-03-13/the-price-tag-for-sealing-the-u-dot-s-dot-border-isnt-pretty Eaton, T. (2010, March 18). Texas senators ask Obama to help prevent border violence Cornyn, Hutchisonwant Obama to meet them at U.S.-Mexico border. Retrieved March 3, 2014, from Austin American-Statesman: http://www.statesman.com/news/texas/texas-senators-ask-obama-to-help-pre-vent-border-383990.html Editorial. (2008, April 3). Michael Chertoff’s Insult. Retrieved February 28, 2014, from New York Times. Foucault, M. (1976). The History of Sexuality (Vol. 1). Gaskill, M. (2011, August 2). United States border fence threatens wildlife. Retrieved March 2, 2014, from Nature: http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110802/full/news.2011.452.html Haddal, C., Kim, Y., Garcia, M. (2009, March). Border security: barriers along the U.S. international border. Congressional Research Service report for Congress. RL 33659. Home Office, U. B. (2013). Enrolling Your Biometric Information. Retrieved January 25, 2014, from Home Office, UK Border Agency: http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/visas-immigration/studying/adult-students/applying-inside-uk/biometric/ Inda, J. (2006). Border prophylaxis: technology, illegality and the government of immigration. Cultural Dynamics, 18(2), 115-138. Kestelyn, J. (2002). For want of a nail. Intelligent Enterprise, 5(7), 8. Marinucci, C., Martin, M. (2005, April 29). Governor endorses Minutemen on border / He parts with Bush on armed volunteers stopping illegal immigrants in Arizona. Retrieved February 25, 2014, from San Francisco Chronicle: http://www.sfgate.com/politics/article/Governor-endorses-Minutemen-on-border-He-parts-2685866.php Mearsheimer, J. J. (1990). Back to the Future: Instability in Europe after the Cold War. International Security, 15(1), 5-56. Michaelsen, S. (2005). Between Japanese American internment and the USA Patriot Act: the bor-derlands and the permanent state of racial exception. A Journal of Chicano Studies, 30(2), 87-111. Nail, T. (2013). The Crossroads of Power: Michel Foucault and the US/Mexico Border Wall. Foucault Studies, 15, 110-128. Norrell, B. (2007, August 25). Privatizing Misery, Deporting and Imprisoning Migrants for Profit: The Hidden Agenda . Retrieved March 2, 2014, from The Narco News : www.narconews.com/Issue46/article2769.html Office, U. G. (2009). Technology Deployment Delays Persist and the Impact of Border . US Government Accountability Office. Pellegrini, F. (2001, September 28). TIME/CNN Poll: Americans Give Bush a Big Thumbs-Up. Retrieved February 26, 2014, from Time U.S.: http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,176815,00.html Rana, J., Rosas, G. (2006). Managing Crisis Post 9/11 Policing and Empire. Cultural Dynamics, 18(219), 218-234. Salter, M. (2004). Passports, Mobility, and Security: How Smart Can the Border Be? Policy in International Studies, 5(1), 71-91. Schildkraut, D. (2002, September). The More Things Change American Identity and Mass and Elite Responses to 9/11. Political Psychology, 23(3), 511-535. UK Border Agency. (2013). Retrieved March 4, 2014, from Enrolling your Biometric Information: http://www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.uk/visas-immigration/working/tier2/ministerofreligion/applying/biometric/ Zizek, S. (2002). Welcome to the Desert of the Real! Five Essays on 11 September and Related Dates. London and New York: Verso. Zizek, S. (2004). Iraq: The Borrowed Kettle. London and New York: Verso. 1

Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams Essay

Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams In Tennessee Williams’ play, A Streetcar Named Desire, the character of Blanche Dubois is a vivid example of the use of symbolism throughout the play. Blanche wants to view things in an unrealistic way. â€Å"I don’t want realism. I want magic†¦I try to give that to people. I misrepresent things to them. I don’t tell truth, I tell what ought to be truth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Blanche p.117). She doesn’t want reality; instead she wishes to view a rose-colored version of life that goes along with her old-fashioned southern belle personality. Blanche doesn’t want to face the reality of her problems. She wants everything to be softened and dimmed for her, just as the light is softened and dimmed by the shade. â€Å"Light† often symbolizes truth, which is why she doesn’t like to stand in an illuminated room. She hides from reality and lives in a world of her own creation. â€Å"I can’t stand a naked bulb, any more than I can a rude remark or a vulgar action†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Blanche p.55 scene 3). She had bought a little colored paper lantern to put it over the light bulb, so the room could get that mysterious touch that she wanted. â€Å"†¦Soft people have got to shimmer and glow- they’ve got to put on soft colors, the colors of butterfly wings, and put a paper lantern over the light†¦ It isn’t enough to be soft. You’ve got to be soft and attractive. And I-I’m fading now! I don’t know how much longer I can turn the trick†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Blanche p. 79 scene 5). Blanche can al...