Tuesday, January 7, 2020
Future Subjunctive Tense in French Grammar
  There is no future subjunctive in French. The present subjunctive is used for both present and future.à  There is no future subjunctive per se. Even if the action is to happen in the future, the present subjunctive is used. However, there is aà  past subjunctive.          Present Subjunctive Is Used for Both Present and Future      In general, the French subjunctiveà  moodà  is used to express actions or ideas that are subjective or otherwise uncertain: will/wanting, emotion, doubt, possibility, necessity, judgment.à  The key to understanding this mood isà  to remember that the subjunctive  subjectivity or unreality.à           The subjunctive is nearly always found in dependent clauses introduced byà  queà  orà  qui, and the subjects of the dependent and main clauses are usually different:         à  Je veux que tu le fasses.I want you to do it.à  Ã  Il faut que nous partions.Its necessary that we leave. / We have to leave.Il està  possible quil arrive demain.Its possible that he will arrive tomorrow.Cest bon que tu sois prà ªt à   midi.Its good that youll be ready at noon.         Verbs and expressions thatà  express someones will, anà  order, a need, a piece of advice, or a desire require the subjunctive:         aimer mieux queà  to like better / to prefer thatcommander queà  to order thatdemander queà  to ask (someone to do somethingdà ©sirer queà  to desire thatdonner lordre queà  to order that         Verbs and expressions of emotion or feeling, such as fear, happiness, anger, regret, surprise, or any other sentiments, require the subjunctive:         adorer queà  to love thataimer queà  to like thatapprà ©cier queà  to appreciate that         Verbs and expressions of doubt, possibility, supposition, and opinion require the subjunctive:         accepter que to acceptsattendre à   ce queà  to expectdà ©tester queà  to hate         Certainà  verbs and expressions take the subjunctive when they are negative or interrogatory because they express uncertainty in the speakers mind:         cest queà  its that/becauseconnaà ®tre (quelquun) quià  Ã  Ã  to know (someone) thatcroire queà  to believe that         A number of Frenchà  conjunctive phrasesà  require the subjunctive:         à   moins que*à  Ã  Ã  unlessà   supposer queà  Ã  Ã  assuming thatafin queà  Ã  Ã  so thatavant que*à  Ã  Ã  beforeà   condition queà  Ã  Ã  provided that         The subjunctive is requiredà  In a subordinate clause with theà  negative pronounsà  ne...personneà  orà  ne...rien, or theà  indefinite pronounsà  quelquunà  orà  quelque chose:         à  Ã  Je ne connais personne qui veuille maider.I dont know anyone who wants to help me.         à  Ã  ll ny a rien que nous puissions faire.Theres nothing that we can do.         The subjunctive isà  optional after main clauses that contain certain adjectives, such asà  seul,à  unique,à  premier,à  principal,à  dernier, or anyà  superlative,à  It depends on how concrete the speaker feels about what is being said:Hà ©là ¨ne est la seule personne qui puisse nous aider.Hà ©là ¨ne is the only person who can help us.(Hà ©là ¨ne may be the only person I think can help us, but there may be others.)Hà ©là ¨ne est la seule personne que je vois.Hà ©là ¨ne is the only person I see.(No subjunctive, because I know this for a fact - I only see Hà ©là ¨ne.)          Conjugating the Subjunctive Is Relatively Straightforward      To conjugate all regular verbs ending -ER, -IR, and -RE, as well as some irregular* ones, take the 3rd person pluralà  ilsà  form of theà  present tense of the verb, drop the -entà  ending to find the stem, and add the subjunctive endings:         Many verbs thatà  are irregular in the present tense are regular in the subjunctive, including all -IR verbs conjugated like partir and sortir and -RE verbs conjugated like mettre. Other irregular verbs, as well as all stem-changing verbs, haveà  irregular subjunctive conjugations.    
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